Social values as self-guides: Value centrality influences regulatory focus and experienced emotion

Rees, Kerry; Maio, Gregory R.

doi:10.1037/e633982013-616

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Thus, although this pursuit can entail cleanliness (as in five-star restaurants and some art studios), it involves a mind-set that can often be inimical to this behavior. Indeed, people rate cleanliness and other security values as stronger reflections of what they "ought to do" than of what they "ideally would do," whereas the opposite occurs for creativity and other self-direction values (Rees & Maio, 2007). This competition should cause self-direction value primes to reduce behavior that affirms security values, such as cleanliness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing, priming, and acting on values: Effects via motivational relations in a circular model.

Maio¹,

Pakizeh

Cheung³

et al. 2009

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

280

261

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Circular models of values and goals suggest that some motivational aims are consistent with each other, some oppose each other, and others are orthogonal to each other. The present experiments tested this idea explicitly by examining how value confrontation and priming methods influence values and valueconsistent behaviors throughout the entire value system. Experiment 1 revealed that change in 1 set of social values causes motivationally compatible values to increase in importance, whereas motivationally incompatible values decrease in importance and orthogonal values remain the same. Experiment 2 found that priming security values reduced the better-than-average effect, but priming stimulation values increased it. Similarly, Experiments 3 and 4 found that priming security values increased cleanliness and decreased curiosity behaviors, whereas priming self-direction values decreased cleanliness and increased curiosity behaviors. Experiment 5 found that priming achievement values increased success at puzzle completion and decreased helpfulness to an experimenter, whereas priming with benevolence values decreased success and increased helpfulness. These results highlight the importance of circular models describing motivational interconnections between values and personal goals.Keywords: priming, motivation, goals, behavior Specific patterns of motivation interconnection have been described in an influential model of social values (Schwartz, 1992) and a more recent model of personal goals (Grouzet et al., 2005). The model of values focuses on abstract ideals-such as freedom, equality, helpfulness, and enjoying life-that people regard as important guiding principles. The model of personal goals focuses on aims and aspirations-such as self-acceptance, affiliation, physical health, and popularity-that a person has. Despite their slightly different foci, both models propose that there are "four occasionally overlapping but sometimes conflictual motivational systems that people must negotiate as they make their way through life" (Grouzet et al., 2005, p. 813). In this article, we briefly review these models and argue that their assumptions about motivational interconnections can be useful for understanding basic mechanisms in judgment and action. This idea is then illustrated in five experiments that explore novel implications derived from one of the models. CIRCULAR PATTERNS IN VALUES ANDPERSONAL GOALS Schwartz's (1996) cross-cultural model of values indicates that values are self-imposed criteria that balance between individual needs, the coordination of social interaction, and group survival. As values coordinate these concerns, they come to express and serve 10 types of motivation: power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security (see Table 1 for more detail). 1 More important, Schwartz (1992) suggested that these 10 motives possess various conflicts and compatibilities. As shown in Figure 1, these motivational interconnections can be modeled...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing, priming, and acting on values: Effects via motivational relations in a circular model.

Maio¹,

Pakizeh

Cheung³

et al. 2009

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

280

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One reason for the inconsistencies between the findings on the relations between prosocial goals (Kasser & Ryan, 1993& Ryan, , 2001Kasser et al, 1995;Ryan et al, 1996;Schmuck, 2001;Sheldon & Kasser, 1998;see Kasser, 2000, for a review) and prosocial values (Sagiv & Schwartz, 2000) may be that prosocial goals are more intrinsically-driven ideals, whereas prosocial values are more extrinsically-driven oughts. Indeed, Rees and Maio (2006) asked participants to rate the extent to which they hold diverse social values as oughts and ideals. Results indicated that values emphasizing openness to novelty (e.g., freedom) were more strongly held as ideals than as oughts, whereas this was not true for values emphasizing benevolence (e.g., helpfulness), despite being rated as similar in importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleasure and pressure based prosocial motivation: Divergent relations to subjective well-being

Gebauer

Riketta

Broemer

et al. 2008

Journal of Research in Personality

128

100

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We propose two fundamentally different motives for helping: gaining pleasure and fulfilling one's duty (''pressure''). Using the newly developed Pleasure and Pressure based Prosocial Motivation Scale, we demonstrated the distinctiveness of pleasure and pressure based prosocial motivation in three studies. Although the two motives exhibited different relations to a variety of personality characteristics, they were similarly related to trans-situational helping. Of particular interest, pleasure based prosocial motivation was positively related to self-actualization, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and positive affect and negatively related to negative affect. On the contrary, pressure based prosocial motivation was unrelated to self-actualization, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and positive affect but positively related to negative affect. These results qualify research showing that prosocial life goals generally increase subjective well-being.

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Social values as self-guides: Value centrality influences regulatory focus and experienced emotion

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Changing, priming, and acting on values: Effects via motivational relations in a circular model.

Changing, priming, and acting on values: Effects via motivational relations in a circular model.

Pleasure and pressure based prosocial motivation: Divergent relations to subjective well-being

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