Socio - ecological analysis of natural resource use in Betampona Strict Natural Reserve

Golden, Christopher D.; Rabehatonina, Josoa G. C.; Rakotosoa, Andritahina; Moore, Molly

doi:10.4314/mcd.v9i2.4

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Those surveyed ate 6,726 forest animals (mean of 7 mammals and 10 birds per household), or ∼3.27 kg of wild meat per person (4.48 kg per adult equivalent) during the prior year. This amount of wildlife is much higher than that reported in other regions of Madagascar including Kianjavato (Borgerson et al, 2018a), Alaotra (Borgerson et al, 2018b), and Betampona (Golden et al, 2014b), but it is similar to that reported in nearby Makira (Golden et al, 2014a;Brook et al, 2019), and far less than the amount eaten in the Amazon and Congo basins (63 and 51 kg/capita/year, respectively; Nasi et al, 2011). Further, as much as 75% of all meat eaten in some communities was from forest animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Food Insecurity and the Unsustainable Hunting of Wildlife in a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Borgerson

Razafindrapaoly

Rajaona

et al. 2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Madagascar faces dual challenges in biodiversity conservation and public health. In order to identify strategies to reduce the unsustainable hunting of threatened species while maintaining or improving child nutrition, we quantified interactions among ecosystem indicators (lemur density and habitat biodiversity indices), health indicators (stunting, underweight, wasting, and anemia), nutrition, food security, and wildlife hunting through interviews of 1,750 people in 387 households and surveys of 28 wildlife transects with 156 habitat plots at 15 sites on Madagascar's Masoala Peninsula, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The surveyed population ate 6,726 forest animals (mammals and birds), or a mean of 3.27 kg of wild meat per person (4.48 kg per adult equivalent) during the prior year. Local Malagasy were also highly food insecure (78% of households) and malnourished (for children under five, as many as 67% were stunted, 60% were underweight, 25% were wasted, and 40% were anemic). In some communities, nearly 75% of animal-sourced calories, 76% of protein, and 74% of iron came from forest animals-demonstrating a strong dependence on wild foods. Few micronutrient-rich alternatives to wild meats were available in adequate supply and many were highly volatile; for example, 79% of chickens died from Newcastle disease in the prior year. The survivorship of lemurs (94% of lemur species are threatened with extinction) depends on providing food security to a malnourished human population who commonly hunts wildlife for food. Currently, wildlife provides a critical source of micronutrients, yet the hunting of threatened species is an untenable solution to poor diet and food insecurity. Given the established connection between wild foods and human nutrition, reductions in forests and wildlife populations will also threaten the local food supply. In order to reduce the unsustainable hunting of threatened species while improving household food security and child health, we suggest testing the effects of increasing the affordability, accessibility, and stability of micro-nutrient rich animal-sourced foods in communities where forests contribute the most to food security.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Food Insecurity and the Unsustainable Hunting of Wildlife in a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Borgerson

Razafindrapaoly

Rajaona

et al. 2019

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…While chicken has potential to replace wildlife nutritionally, raising domestic chicken flocks in remote, rural communities in Madagascar is a complex endeavor. Primarily, chicken has not served as a consistent and economical source of food in many parts of Madagascar because community poultry flocks are vulnerable to Newcastle disease (10–12). Newcastle disease is a virus that causes neurological, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms in poultry (13), and is often fatal, hence preventing the stable establishment of productive chicken flocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccinations on Chicken Production Systems in Northeastern Madagascar

et al. 2019

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Chickens are a key source of nutrition for rural Malagasy communities. Due to high endemic rates of Newcastle disease, it remains challenging to raise sustainable chicken flocks as a consistent food source. Here, we explore the impact of triannual Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine interventions on the growth and herd immunity acquisition of Malagasy chicken flocks. Between 2011 and 2018 we collected longitudinal data to assess the population dynamics of chicken populations in remote Malagasy communities. In 2016, we launched a pilot campaign for vaccination in six rural communities to determine the impacts on chicken survivorship and productivity. We used these data to specify a mathematical model of realistic Malagasy chicken population dynamics under a triannual vaccination regime. The mathematical model represents an extension to conventional SIR models that allows for modeling the impact of specific vaccinations on chicken flock dynamics, rather than estimation of parameters. Understanding chicken population dynamics is important for realizing the potential for domestic chicken flocks to serve as sustainable food sources. The results suggested that vaccination coverage of at least ~40% is necessary over 5+ years to achieve population doubling, while complete herd immunity may not be possible given the short duration of effectiveness of vaccination, and the high levels of births and deaths in the chicken flocks.

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“…The impact of deforestation extends well beyond habitat loss through the unleashing of secondary factors that, alone or in combination, further erode the viability of already vulnerable populations. For example, shrinking and degraded habitats increase opportunities for hunters, pathogens and invasive species to prey upon, infect or out-compete resident populations while species unable to disperse between fragmented habitats can suffer from inbreeding depression [16][17][18][19]. Together, these factors may have dramatically outpaced the effects of climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early 1990s, Madagascar National Parks developed a collaboration with the conservation non-governmental organization (NGO), Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group (MFG), to serve as their research partner. The presence of a research team in the forest and the development of positive relationships and programs with community members have greatly reduced infractions, especially when compared to other sites [18]. Although the MFG's programs have lessened the likelihood of fires entering BNR, the environmental repercussions of previous fires now represent the greatest threat to its biodiversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Madagascar's population, growing at 2.8% [21], remains steeped in poverty which is most deeply felt in the rural areas [7]. Most families living around BNR are subsistence farmers who practice slash and burn agriculture (tavy), hunt wildlife for consumption and depend on wood they collect for cooking fuel and construction [18]. The tavy system begins with burning a patch of forest, using the land for multiple years to grow rice and other crops after which the land is left to lay fallow for several years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Sensing Based Spatial Statistics to Document Tropical Rainforest Transition Pathways

Ghulam

Maimaitijiang

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:In this paper, grid cell based spatial statistics were used to quantify the drivers of land-cover and land-use change (LCLUC) and habitat degradation in a tropical rainforest in Madagascar. First, a spectral database of various land-cover and land-use information was compiled using multi-year field campaign data and photointerpretation of satellite images. Next, residential areas were extracted from IKONOS-2 and GeoEye-1 images using object oriented feature extraction (OBIA). Then, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data were used to generate land-cover and land-use maps from 1990 to 2011, and LCLUC maps were developed with decadal intervals and converted to 100 m vector grid cells. Finally, the causal associations between LCLUC were quantified using ordinary least square regression analysis and Moran's I, and a forest disturbance index derived from the time series Landsat data were used to further confirm LCLUC drivers. The results showed that (1) local spatial statistical approaches were most effective at quantifying the OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2015, 7 6258 drivers of LCLUC, and (2) the combined threats of habitat degradation in and around the reserve and increasing encroachment of invasive plant species lead to the expansion of shrubland and mixed forest within the former primary forest, which was echoed by the forest disturbance index derived from the Landsat data.

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Socio - ecological analysis of natural resource use in Betampona Strict Natural Reserve

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Food Insecurity and the Unsustainable Hunting of Wildlife in a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Food Insecurity and the Unsustainable Hunting of Wildlife in a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Modeling the Impact of Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccinations on Chicken Production Systems in Northeastern Madagascar

Remote Sensing Based Spatial Statistics to Document Tropical Rainforest Transition Pathways

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