Socio-economic status and malaria-related outcomes in Mvomero District, Tanzania

Dickinson, Katherine L.; Randell, Heather; Kramer, Randall A.; Shayo, Elizabeth H.

doi:10.1080/17441692.2010.539573

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although malaria is considered a disease of poverty [9], [55] a review of the effect of SES on malaria incidence reports that the evidence is mixed [56]. It has been hypothesised that there are three pathways for low household wealth to be associated with malaria: 1) less access to preventative measures; 2) less access to health care and; 3) increased risk of infection by: poor housing (mosquito entry), houses may be located nearer to mosquito breeding sites and higher susceptibility to illness especially due to poorer health and diet [57]. Access to healthcare was considered in this study but there was no evidence for an association between P. falciparum infection and the distance from the household to the nearest health facility after adjusting for other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Risk Factors in North West Tanzania: The Effect of Spraying, Nets and Wealth

West

Protopopoff²,

Rowland³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Malaria prevalence remains high in many African countries despite massive scaling-up of insecticide treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). This paper evaluates the protective effect of pyrethroid IRS and ITNs in relation to risk factors for malaria based on a study conducted in North-West Tanzania, where IRS has been conducted since 2007 and universal coverage of ITNs has been carried out recently. In 2011 community-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the two main malaria transmission periods that occur after the short and long rainy seasons. These included 5,152 and 4,325 children aged 0.5–14 years, respectively. Data on IRS and ITN coverage, household demographics and socio-economic status were collected using an adapted version of the Malaria Indicator Survey. Children were screened for malaria by rapid diagnostic test. In the second survey, haemoglobin density was measured and filter paper blood spots were collected to determine age-specific sero-prevalence in each community surveyed. Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in children 0.5–14 years old was 9.3% (95%CI:5.9–14.5) and 22.8% (95%CI:17.3–29.4) in the two surveys. Risk factors for infection after the short rains included households not being sprayed (OR = 0.39; 95%CI:0.20–0.75); low community net ownership (OR = 0.45; 95%CI:0.21–0.95); and low community SES (least poor vs. poorest tertile: OR = 0.13, 95%CI:0.05–0.34). Risk factors after the long rains included household poverty (per quintile increase: OR = 0.89; 95%CI:0.82–0.97) and community poverty (least poor vs. poorest tertile: OR = 0.26, 95%CI:0.15–0.44); household IRS or high community ITN ownership were not protective. Despite high IRS coverage and equitable LLIN distribution, poverty was an important risk factor for malaria suggesting it could be beneficial to target additional malaria control activities to poor households and communities. High malaria prevalence in some clusters and the limited protection given by pyrethroid IRS and LLINs suggest that it may be necessary to enhance established vector control activities and consider additional interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Risk Factors in North West Tanzania: The Effect of Spraying, Nets and Wealth

West

Protopopoff²,

Rowland³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…It is generally recognised that people with low SES are usually prone to vector-borne diseases [29][30][31][32] including Dengue, although not in all cases as shown by a recent systematic review of the link between Dengue and Socioeconomic status [33]. Our study described the group that is more at risk than others and the spatial distribution of Dengue virus cases has been produced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Description and lessons learned from the 2014 Dengue outbreak in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Knowledge, attitudes and bite prevention practices among those with confirmed Dengue

Msellemu

Gavana

Ngonyani

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BackgroundThe frequency and magnitude of Dengue epidemics have increased dramatically in the past 40 years throughout the tropics largely due to unplanned urbanization, globalization and lack of effective mosquito control. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania has recently experienced Dengue outbreaks that occur with increasing frequency. Currently, only one serotype is recorded. Without adequate vector monitoring and control, it is certain that further outbreaks will occur. Methods/FindingsA retrospective study followed 100 individuals with confirmed Dengue fever in Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam during the 2014 outbreak. Houses were inspected for mosquito breeding sites and gathered information on Socio-economic Status (SES) and Dengue prevention knowledge.Higher SES tertile had the most Dengue cases: 53 (55%) followed by medium and lower SES with 33 (34%) and 11 (11%) respectively. The highest number of mosquito breeding sites was also found in higher SES households. Kinondoni wards of Manzese, Mwananyamala, Tandale and Mabibo had the socioeconomic groups, combined. The public was ill-informed about Dengue fever: 84% think bed nets can prevent Dengue, and 60% of the patients only became aware of Dengue while in the hospital with the illness. The study established a habitat suitability score, a tool to be used to estimate breeding habitat capacity before rains begin. Scattered containers especially tyres remain ideal breeding sites.The study highlights the need for waste management to avert future outbreaks.

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“…We observed the same in the study area because farmers do not visit the health facilities regularly during their illness but instead go to hospital once and then prefer selfmedication [31][32]. A good socio economic status is generally associated with reduction in malaria [11] because the availability of more resources enhances adaptability and the capacity to undertake preventive measures [33][34][35] like using mosquito repellents, insecticide-treated nets, and other precautionary measures to avoid the disease. In severe malaria transmission areas the relationship between malaria and socio economic status is bidirectional [36].…”

Section: Determinant Of Malariamentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Poverty, lack of better sanitary conditions, and less availability of proper medical facilities serves as a catalyst in increasing the disease burden. It is diffi cult to control increasing temperature and changing rainfall patterns, but improvements in living conditions providing improved sanitation and health facilities can make the situation better as socio economic status (SES) differences are of great importance in public health issues [11]. Cost in the form of lost productivity and disposable income makes poor families poorer, which can eventually result in death or make people more susceptible to different infectious diseases [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nexus between Malaria and Agricultural Output through the Channels of Gender, Sanitation, and Socio-Economic Status

Rose

Ashfaq

Hassan

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Socio-economic status and malaria-related outcomes in Mvomero District, Tanzania

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Malaria Risk Factors in North West Tanzania: The Effect of Spraying, Nets and Wealth

Malaria Risk Factors in North West Tanzania: The Effect of Spraying, Nets and Wealth

Description and lessons learned from the 2014 Dengue outbreak in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Knowledge, attitudes and bite prevention practices among those with confirmed Dengue

A Nexus between Malaria and Agricultural Output through the Channels of Gender, Sanitation, and Socio-Economic Status

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