“…It has been repeatedly shown that when resources are limited intergroup competition is more likely to occur (Brewer, 1986;Esses, Jackson, & Armstrong, 1998;LeVine & Campbell, 1972;Sherif, 1966). For example, in a minimal group setting, Mummendey and Schreiber (1983) found that intergroup bias was drastically reduced when a less restrictive modality of comparison (e.g., in-group outcomes were independent of those of the out-group) was employed (see also Monacelli, Sari, & Carugati, 2000;Mugny, Sanchez-Mazas, Roux, & Pérez, 1991). On the basis of these findings, we argue that for social identity of intermediate status group members, limited resources condition should be more threatening (e.g., downward displacement is more likely to occur) than unlimited resources condition.…”