Sociodemographic factors and self-restraint from social behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A cross-sectional study

Mori, Takahiro; Nagata, Tomohisa; Ikegami, Kazunori; Hino, Ayako; Tateishi, Seiichiro; Tsuji, Mayumi; Matsuda, Shinya; Fujino, Yoshihisa; Mori, Koji

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101834

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…The Japanese government issued a state of emergency several times to prevent the spread of COVID-19, depending on the infection situation ( Figure 1 ). Unlike in many other countries, Japan’s state of emergency is not legally binding; it is rather a request for self-restraint, and restriction measures against COVID-19 are left to individual judgment ( Mori et al, 2022 ). When the Japanese government declares a state of emergency, citizens are required to voluntarily refrain from unnecessary and non-essential social activities including travel, eating, and drinking at a restaurant for extended periods of time and socializing with groups of five or more people ( Cabinet and Secretariat, 2022 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Extremism, knowledge, and overconfidence in the covid-19 restriction times

Hatori,

Bhandary

2024

Front. Psychol.

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Public response to restriction policy against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can polarize into two extremes: one absolutely in favor of restrictions for the sake of human life and health, and other absolutely against the restrictions for the sake of human rights and daily life. This study examines psychological nature of extremism regarding individuals’ self-restraint from social behavior, which was and has been encouraged by the Japanese government as restriction measures, as well as possible measures to mitigate this extremism. We hypothesize that people with more extreme views on self-restraint tend to have less knowledge of this virus, and, nevertheless, tend to be more overconfident in the sense that they falsely believe they understand COVID-19 and the effects of self-restraint. It is also postulated that overconfidence can be reduced by asking them to explain how self-restraint works. To test these hypotheses, we conducted an online experiment on the Japanese adults (n = 500) to measure the extent of their knowledge of COVID-19 and to examine the effect of explanation task on their understanding regarding COVID-19 and extremism. The results indicate that the extreme attitudes were associated with insufficient knowledge about the symptoms, risks, and characteristics of COVID-19. Moreover, their extreme attitudes tended to moderate through this experimental study to an extent that they realized they did not understand COVID-19 including the effects of self-restraint. This suggests that people with extremism may have been overconfident in their own understanding of the COVID-19 restrictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremism, knowledge, and overconfidence in the covid-19 restriction times

Hatori,

Bhandary

2024

Front. Psychol.

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COVID-19 Infection: Mental and Behavioral Distress: Japan Perspectives

Fujino

2024

Handbook of the Behavior and Psychology of Disease

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Investigating Visitors’ Perceptions and Behaviors in a Crowded Situation at a Large-Scale Exhibition

Kim,

Feliciani,

Tanida

et al. 2024

JDR

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Understanding how visitors respond to crowding is crucial for ensuring the success, safety, and overall enjoyment of large-scale exhibitions. However, despite its significance, limited research has explored this issue. To address this gap, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 2022 and 2023 for visitors to exhibitions held at the Tokyo Big Sight Convention Center. Our research aims to explore the level of consistency between perceived and actual crowding, levels of discomfort in crowded situations, tolerance levels for crowding, and behaviors to avoid crowded situations. The results revealed significant changes in visitor perceptions across the two-year period. Notably, the acceptable crowd density in 2023 increased by 13% compared to 2022. This change in level of tolerance for crowding might have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and other contextual factors that altered visitors’ perceptions toward crowding. Interestingly, despite these perceptual changes, behaviors to avoid crowded situations remained consistent across both years. The most common response was that no special action was taken to avoid crowded situations. These findings underscore that perceptions and behaviors related to crowding in the context of large-scale exhibitions are not uniform. Our findings offer several implications and insights for crowd management, which event organizers can use to devise strategies aimed at enhancing visitors’ experiences and effectively managing crowding in large-scale exhibitions.

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Sociodemographic factors and self-restraint from social behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Extremism, knowledge, and overconfidence in the covid-19 restriction times

Extremism, knowledge, and overconfidence in the covid-19 restriction times

COVID-19 Infection: Mental and Behavioral Distress: Japan Perspectives

Investigating Visitors’ Perceptions and Behaviors in a Crowded Situation at a Large-Scale Exhibition

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