Objectives
To assess how different patterns of housing instability affect incarceration and whether correlates of incarceration are gender-specific.
Methods
Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between patterns of housing instability and recent jail stays among a reproducible sample of 1175 marginally housed adults in San Francisco.
Results
71% of men and 21% of women reported jail stays over the previous year. Among women, long-term single room occupancy (SRO) stays (>90 days) were protective for incarceration. Street stays were associated with incarceration for both sexes, but for men, short-term (<=90 days) street stays were associated with the highest odds of incarceration, and for women, long-term street stays were most correlated with incarceration. Sex trade increased the odds of incarceration among men only; recent drug use was associated with incarceration among both sexes.
Conclusions
Correlates of incarceration differ by sex, and patterns of housing instability differentially impact upon incarceration for men and women. Policies to improve housing options and drug treatment for the urban poor are critical to breaking the cycle of incarceration and homelessness and improving health outcomes.