Sociodemographics, lifestyle factors and health status indicators associated with alcohol consumption and related behaviours: a Brazilian population-based analysis

Prevalence and Correlates of Heavy Episodic Alcohol Consumption Among Adults in Ecuador: Results of the First National STEPS Survey in 2018

“…It is possible that the legacy of slavery and marginalization of African Ecuadorean or Mulato (mixed between African and White) men in Ecuador increases their risk of HED [38], and since Montubia women mostly inhabit the rural areas of the coastal provinces in Ecuador have a lower risk for HED [39]. While previous research showed an association between lower education or lower socioeconomic status [5,17,[19][20][21], this study did not find that educational level was associated with HED.…”

“…For the first time in this national community-based survey among adults 18-69 years old in Ecuador, a higher prevalence of past month HED among the general population (24.1%) was found than estimates in the Americas region (21.3%) in 2016 [3], Columbia 15.4% [3], Argentina 23.0% [3], Bolivia 21.1% [3], Brazil 19.7% [3], Ecuador 21.3% [3], Ethiopia (12.5%) [6], Kenya (12.8%) [7], and lower than among regular alcohol users in Brazil (46%) [5]. The prevalence of past month alcohol use (39.3%) in this study was similar to a national sample of 20-59 year-olds in Ecuador in 2012 (41.3%) [35].…”

“…In addition, sexstratified multivariable logistic regression models with HED prevalence were calculated. Based on a previous literature review [5][6][7][8]12,16,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], covariates included sex, age group, highest level of education, ethnicity, smoking status, obesity, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health care utilization. Taylor linearization methods were applied to account for the complex study design and the sampling weight.…”

“…In the Americas region, the prevalence of HED (≥15 years) decreased from 29.4% in 2000 to 21.3% in 2016 [3], and it was in 2016 in Columbia 15.4%, Peru 26.3%, Argentina 23.0%, Bolivia 21.1%, Brazil 19.7% and in Ecuador 21.3% [3]. In national population-based surveys, the prevalence of HED was among regular alcohol users, 46% in Brazil [5], and among the general population 12.5% in Ethiopia [6], and 12.8% in Kenya [7]. In the World Health Survey in Ecuador in 2003, 5.5% were heavy drinkers (≥1 day, ≥5 standard drinks/past 7 days) [8].…”

“…"Ecuador's high poverty and income inequality most affect indigenous, mixed race, and rural populations." [10] Factors associated with HED may include male sex [6,7,[11][12][13][14][15], middle adulthood [7,16,17], specific ethnic groups [7,17,18], lower socioeconomic status [5,17,[19][20][21], urban residence [17], rural residence [6], former and current tobacco use [6][7][8]12,17,22], overweight/obesity [23][24][25], sedentary behaviour [5], physical activity [26][27][28], inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption [29], and less frequent primary health care utilization [30,31]. Epidemiological population-based surveys are needed to target interventions to prevent HED.…”