Socioeconomic causes of child labor in urban Nigeria

Togunde, Dimeji; Carter, Arielle

doi:10.1080/10796120500502201

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The long working day and length of employment found by the present study not only make school attendance impossible or unfeasible, but also confirm the relationship between child labor and contribution to family income, that is, children and adolescents stay on the job for very evident economic reasons 23,29 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Quail egg safety and trade on beaches of Salvador (BA): a study from a child labor perspective

2013

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the trade and microbiological quality of boiled quail eggs on the waterfront of Salvador , Bahia, Brazil, from the child labor perspective. METHODS: This cross-sectional study administered semi-structured questionnaires to 40 underage vendors and performed the microbiological assessment of 40 quail egg samples as follows: mesophilic aerobic microorganism count, coagulase-positive staphylococcus count, estimation of the most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms/Escherichia coli, and testing for Salmonella spp.. The results were compared with the standards provided by the Resolution RDC nº 12/2001, National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. RESULTS: The vendors were mostly female (57.5%) students (95.0%) aged 8 to 17 years. The most common reason for working was supplementation of the family income (57.5%). The mean gross income was R$38.31/day. Most of them presented inadequate personal hygiene but they recognized that foods could cause diseases. Many (47.5%) vendors reported washing their hands up to twice daily. Mean mesophilic aerobic microorganism and coagulase-positive staphylococcus counts were 2.43 and 2.01 log colony-forming unit/g, respectively, and the estimated thermotolerant coliform contamination was 0.98 log most probable number/g. Escherichia coli was found in 15.0% of the samples and none contained Salmonella spp. Most (55.0%) samples were noncompliant with the legislation. CONCLUSION: The results evidenced the presence of minors selling quail eggs on beaches of Salvador and suggest risk to consumers' health because of the detected contamination and vendors' ignorance of principles of hygiene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Quail egg safety and trade on beaches of Salvador (BA): a study from a child labor perspective

2013

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“…While research shows that the causes of child labour are multifaceted, it is generally agreed that the major cause is household income poverty (Blume & Breyer 2011;Richter & de Coninck 2015;Togunde & Carter 2006). For households with no access to productive economic resources, child labour is considered the appropriate response to increasing household incomes and family survival (Blume & Breyer 2011;Smith 2014).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the social learning theory, child labour is a product of a learned behaviour, socialisation and parent's occupation (Togunde & Carter 2006). Hence, a child is more likely to engage in child labour as a way of learning alongside the parent.…”

Section: The Essence Of Microcredit and The Use Of Child Labourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature suggests that the major reasons for child labour are numerous, however, the major cause is household income poverty (Togunde & Carter 2006;Blume & Breyer, 2011;Smith 2014). Because of poverty, children in poor families may be forced to work with a view to generating an extra income to augment family income, alleviating income and expenditure shocks or meet other household requirements (Togunde & Carter 2006;Blume & Breyer 2011;Smith 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of poverty, children in poor families may be forced to work with a view to generating an extra income to augment family income, alleviating income and expenditure shocks or meet other household requirements (Togunde & Carter 2006;Blume & Breyer 2011;Smith 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Examining the effect of child labour in the profitability of women owned enterprises: a case of microcredit supported enterprises in Tanzania

Tundui

2018

J Glob Entrepr Res

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This paper examines the effect of child labour in the profitability of women owned enterprises. The study covered 429 women respondents who had access to microcredit in Morogoro and Iringa towns. We used the Ordered Probit to model the relationship between the predictors and the outcome variable. The findings show that the use of child labour plays a more significant role in the profitability of women businesses than any variable included in the analysis. Results have also shown that owners who possess business skills, who have access to markets and those who do not separate business resources from household resources are more likely to experience a profit increase in their enterprises than otherwise. On the other hand, access to loans doesn't seem to translate into increases in enterprise profit. From these results, we gather that as a poverty alleviation strategy, microcredit access and micro enterprising are not a panacea, but will require other supporting policies and services to enable women to find their way out of poverty. It is also important that job creation and employment patterns of microcredit supported enterprises are studied and valued accordingly.

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‘You have hands, make use of them!’ Child labour in Artisanal and Small‐scale Mining in Tanzania

Potter

Lupilya

2016

J of Intl Development

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This paper examines child labour in artisanal mining through ethnographic research in Tanzania. The poverty hypothesis argues that households send children to work to bolster household income. The sociocultural approach suggests that child mining offers valuable vocational training. This paper builds on a growing literature that complicates these approaches' straightforward claims by illustrating how household fragmentation is generated through the encounter of traditional cultural practices with mining's culture of consumption. This encounter exacerbates household fragmentation, which in turn increases child poverty and labour. These findings suggest that policy interventions should also address these mediating factors rather than poverty per se. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Socioeconomic causes of child labor in urban Nigeria

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Quail egg safety and trade on beaches of Salvador (BA): a study from a child labor perspective

Quail egg safety and trade on beaches of Salvador (BA): a study from a child labor perspective

Examining the effect of child labour in the profitability of women owned enterprises: a case of microcredit supported enterprises in Tanzania

‘You have hands, make use of them!’ Child labour in Artisanal and Small‐scale Mining in Tanzania

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