Socioeconomic factors associated with dysentery in children under-five years from developing countries

Abstract

42 Objective: Dysentery represents 10% of all causes of acute diarrhea in the world 43 and recognizing the implied proximal and distal social factors at different levels would 44 impact on every related outcome. Our purpose is to identify mother, household and 45 country characteristics that favor the presence of dysentery in children under 5 years 46 old. Methods: We conducted a multilevel analysis of data from phase V of the 47 Demographic and Health Survey and the World Bank, which included 38,762 48 children from 33 countries. Results: Prevalence of dysentery was 14.74%. GDP per-49 capita was negative associated (OR= 0.75; 95% CI 0.71-0.78) and Gini index was 50 positive associated (OR= 1.23; 95% CI 1.19-1.28). Additionally, child age (OR= 51 0.99; 95% CI 0.99-1.00), mother age (OR= 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.01), employed 52 mother (OR= 1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.20), and number of household members (OR= 53 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) have significant positive associations with the presence of 54 dysentery, while complete immunization schedule (OR= 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.96), 55 duration of breastfeeding (OR= 0.81; 95% CI 0.75-0.89), and type of residence (OR= 56 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.97) have significant negative associations with having the 57 illness. Finally, each of the categories of wealth index showed a significant 58 association with dysentery (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Lower per capita GDP 59 and higher Gini coefficient are associated with the development of dysentery, 60 regardless of characteristics of children, their mother, and household. Future and 3 61 present public health programs should address these issues in order to impact on 62 the occurrence of this illness. 63 64 Author summary 65 Dysentery represents 10% of all causes of acute diarrheal disease. Diarrhea 66 is the fifth cause of worldwide death in children under five years old. It is particularly 67 important to assess and prevent this condition because the early years of life are68 critical since it is the period when the brain develops most rapidly and has a high 69 capacity for change. Complications associated with dysentery such as malnutrition 70 and convulsive episodes could have a negative effect in this aspect. 71Our purpose is to identify the country proximal and distal socioeconomic 72 factors that favor the presence of dysentery in children under five years old from low 73 and middle-income developing countries in order to impact on the occurrence of this 74 illness and its related outcomes. Studying associated factors with developing 75 dysentery during an episode of acute diarrhea could be the base upon which we can 76 diminish mortality from this illness through national policies to impact on national, 77 community and household aspects. 78 79 80 81 82 83 4 84 85 Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) is defined as the presence of three or more 86 abnormally loose or watery stools in 24 hours. It is the second cause of death in 87 children under five years old [1,2], with a worldwide prevalence of about 8% [3]. This 88 illness is caused usually b...

Explotación sexual comercial de niños, niñas y adolescentes: significados y prácticas de trabajadores/as y residentes del centro de Medellín (Colombia), 2015

“…Ha sido reconocida a nivel internacional como una de las peores formas de trabajo infantil (2) ; una forma de violencia sexual (3) ; una grave vulneración de derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes (4,5) ; una conducta delictiva (6) , en la que son tratados como un objeto sexual y una mercancía por los diferentes tipos de explotadores (7,8,9,10,11) . en materia de salud pública, la gravedad de la problemática se fundamenta en las graves consecuencias para la salud física, situación nutricional, salud sexual y reproductiva, salud mental y bienestar social de las víctimas (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24) .…”