Socioeconomic inequalities in Health: Reflections on the academic production from Brazil

Victora, Cesar G

doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0456-z

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the last decades, Brazil has achieved impressive advances in its health indicators as a result of its development and the project to universalize the access to health in the country 9,10 . However, since rankings on income concentration of nations have been released, Brazil remains among the 10 countries with the greatest inequality in the world 11 . Advances in health are also uneven, with less progress among the subgroups in the worst socioeconomic position [12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desigualdade econômica e risco de infecção e morte por COVID-19 no Brasil

Demenech

Dumith

Vieira

et al. 2020

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

102

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RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de análise espaçotemporal, se a desigualdade econômica das Unidades Federativas (UF) do Brasil pode estar associada com o risco de infecção e morte por COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, baseado em dados secundários das taxas de incidência e mortalidade para COVID-19. Os dados foram analisados em nível estadual, tendo como principal variável independente o coeficiente de Gini. Foram utilizados os registros de 12 dias, espaçados em uma semana cada, entre 21 de abril e 7 de julho de 2020. A variação semanal das taxas foi calculada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten, com o objetivo de medir a evolução da pandemia em cada UF. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi empregado para avaliar a correlação entre as taxas e suas evoluções semanais e as variáveis independentes. Por fim, realizou-se diagnóstico de dependência espacial dos dados e usou-se o modelo de defasagem da regressão espacial, quando aplicável. Resultados: As taxas de incidência e mortalidade por COVID-19 foram crescentes em todas as UF brasileiras, tendo sido mais acentuada entre aquelas com maior desigualdade econômica. A associação entre coeficiente de Gini e incidência e mortalidade por COVID-19 manteve-se mesmo quando levados em consideração aspectos demográficos e espaciais. Conclusão: A desigualdade econômica pode exercer papel importante no impacto da COVID-19 em território brasileiro, por meio de efeitos absolutos e contextuais. Políticas estruturais para a redução da desigualdade são fundamentais para o enfrentamento dessa e de futuras crises sanitárias no Brasil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desigualdade econômica e risco de infecção e morte por COVID-19 no Brasil

Demenech

Dumith

Vieira

et al. 2020

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

102

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“…the National Health Survey -PNS) 10 , telephone surveys 11 , surveys with teenagers 12 , surveys in emergency rooms 13 , longitudinal follow-up studies 14 , among others. Furthermore, the information obtained through surveys complements the knowledge of health inequalities, supporting policies, to achieve greater equity 4,15,16 . However, there is a need to advance in the study of the relationship between the estimated prevalence of RFs and the burden of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatores de risco relacionados à carga global de doença do Brasil e Unidades Federadas, 2015

Malta

Felisbino-Mendes

Machado

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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ABSTRACT:Objective: To analyze the global burden of disease related to disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to selected risk factors in Brazil and its 27 Federated Units. Methods: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease study in Brazil and its Federated Units were used, estimating the summary exposure value (SEV) for selected environmental, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors (RFs), and their combinations. The DALYs were used as the main metric. The ranking of major RFs between 1990 and 2015 was compiled, comparing data by sex and states. Results: The analyzed RFs account for 38.8% of the loss of DALYs in the country. Dietary risks was the main cause of DALYs in 2015. In men, dietary risks contributed to 12.2% of DALYs and in women, to 11.1%. Other RFs were high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, smoking, high fasting plasma glucose and, among men, alcohol and drug use. The main RFs were metabolic and behavioral. In most states, dietary risks was the main RF, followed by high blood pressure. Conclusion: Dietary risks leads the RF ranking for Brazil and its Federated Units. Men are more exposed to behavioral risk factors, and women are more exposed to metabolic ones.

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“…The secular heritage of slavery, based on racial criteria, is associated with the fact that the majority of the ation is poor or in extreme poverty [26,27]. This condition is related to difficulties in accessing the health system, predominance of job work and income activities, houses with few rooms that hinder home isolation and especially in the urban environment, neighborhoods with territories with greater The limitations and living conditions imposed by race-related poverty can affect the prevalence and evolution of symptoms of contagious diseases like Covid-19 [28,29]. Our study showed that the proportion of cured people was lower among blacks compared to whites and that of deaths was higher (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3B). Probably, the difficulty in modeling the risk of Sars-cov-2 infection for the Brazilian population based on symptoms reported in PNAD-COVID, is related to the selection bias of the eligible records of the FS and SARS surveillance system, in addition to the greater environmental, racial and socioeconomic diversity and inequality of the Brazilian population in relation to the countries that have been successful in this type of modeling [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchy of Covid-19-Related Flu Symptoms According to Sex and Color or Race in Reports of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Brazil

Santos

2020

AIR

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The COVID-19 is a disease that presents a wide variety of combinations and intensities of symptoms, characteristic of a Flu Syndrome (FS), which can quickly evolve to a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the hierarchy of symptoms of FS in patients with SARS caused by COVID-19 and to develop a prediction model for potential cases based on sex and race. Binary logistic regression modeling was used in 405,419 records selected from the database of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. It was found that men were more affected by the disease, with a 15.5% higher risk than women. They also died more, with a 13.8% and 15% higher risk for all causes and for COVID-19, respectively. The chances of more than one non-white patient dying from all causes ranged from 18.4% to 38.7% and for Covid-19 it ranged from 16.7% to 64.3% according to race. Fever, muscle pain and loss of smell or taste alternate in the first three positions of the symptom hierarchy, according to sex and race. Cough was only relevant for white men and sore throat for black men. Vomiting was only relevant for black women. The best prediction model developed encompassed seven symptoms adjusted for age, sex and race, but was able to explain only 63% of the cases of COVID-19. Possibly racial diversity, and the socioeconomic inequality associated with it, make the challenge of estimating probabilities of infection by COVID-19, based on symptoms, more complicated in Brazil than in other countries.

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Socioeconomic inequalities in Health: Reflections on the academic production from Brazil

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Desigualdade econômica e risco de infecção e morte por COVID-19 no Brasil

Desigualdade econômica e risco de infecção e morte por COVID-19 no Brasil

Fatores de risco relacionados à carga global de doença do Brasil e Unidades Federadas, 2015

Hierarchy of Covid-19-Related Flu Symptoms According to Sex and Color or Race in Reports of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Brazil

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