Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Prevalence of Diabetes in Argentina: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Women and Men

Rojas‐Roque, Carlos; Hernández-Vasquéz, Akram; Azañedo, Diego; Bendezú-Quispe, Guido

doi:10.3390/ijerph19158888

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A negative CI indicates disproportionate concentration of the outcome among the poorest, while a positive CI suggests inequality concentrated among the richest. The closer the absolute value of the CI is to one, the higher the level of inequality ( 19 ). The final analysis was performed using decomposition analysis to identify the contribution of each socioeconomic variable to the inequality of timing of ANC visits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the concentration curve is above this diagonal line, it means the outcome variable is more concentrated among poorer individuals. Conversely, if it lies below the diagonal line, it indicates a concentration among wealthier individuals (18). However, a concentration curve is not enough to measure the magnitude of inequality.…”

Section: Data Management and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic inequality in timing of ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia, 2019

Kidie,

Asmamaw,

Belachew

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundAntenatal care (ANC) remains an invaluable approach to preventive care for ensuring maternal and infant health outcomes. Women in sub-Saharan Africa tend to delay their first antenatal care visits. In Ethiopia, only 20% of women received their first antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy. Timely and appropriate antenatal care practices can potentially save the lives of both mothers and children. Understanding socioeconomic inequality in the timing of antenatal care visits and its determinants may contribute to tackling disparities and achieving the sustainable development goals for maternal health.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality in the timing of antenatal care visit.MethodSecondary data sourced from the Mini Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2019 were used for this study. A total of 2,906 pregnant women were included in the study, and concentration curves were used to show inequality among sociodemographic and economic variables. Decomposition analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of each independent variable to the inequality in the timing of antenatal care visits.ResultThe estimate of early initiation of antenatal care was 63%. The concentration index was 0.18 (P < 0.001). The inequality in the timing of antenatal care visit was more concentrated among the wealthiest pregnant women with a concentration index value of 0.18 (P < 0.001). Based on decomposition analysis results, the wealth index (81.9%.), education status (22.29%), and region (0.0642%) were identified as contributing factors to the inequality in the timing of antenatal care visits among women.ConclusionThe wealth index, educational status, and region were significant contributors to inequality in the early initiation of antenatal care visit. Improving women's wealth and education and narrowing the inequality gap are crucial for improving the health status of women and their children. We should focus on interventions targeted at early antenatal care visit to address the determinants of socioeconomic inequities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Management and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic inequality in timing of ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia, 2019

Kidie,

Asmamaw,

Belachew

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Women were usually more affected by their SES and the higher it was the lower was their risk of developing diabetes compared to men. [49][50][51] Addo et al, did a study on Ghanian adults residing in Europe based on data derived from the multicenter Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM). They found that diabetes prevalence decreased with increasing educational level in Ghanaian men and women in Europe and in men in urban Ghana; however, it increased with increasing level of education in men and women in rural Ghana.…”

Section: Diabetes Prevalence and Its Association With Ses In 2003 And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutyambizi et al, indicate that self-reported diabetes in South Africa is more common among rich people while undiagnosed diabetes is usually found among the poor. [11] Whereas some studies associate between higher diabetes prevalence and lower SES especially in women, [22,48,49] others link between higher diabetes prevalence and rich men with high SES. [58,59] Additionally, men with lower SES in South Africa usually work in jobs that necessitate physical activity.…”

Section: Vulnerable Groups Who Are At Risk Of Developing Diabetes In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence: the case of South Africa between 2003 and 2016

2023

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Background Diabetes is a growing epidemic worldwide and the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) is frequently acknowledged in the literature. This study aims to compare the effect of SES on diabetes prevalence in South Africa between 2003 and 2016. In addition, vulnerable groups regarding diabetes development in 2016 will be identified. Methods Using DHS data there were 8,006 participants (59.19% women) in 2003 and 10,292 participants (59.42% women) in 2016. Logistic regression and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for diabetes by age, gender, educational level and place of residence. To identify vulnerable groups with high risk of developing diabetes in 2016, the method of p-value based regression tree analysis was applied using “wealth index” and “weight perception” as additional variables. Results There was an increase in diabetes prevalence from 3.86% in 2003 to 4.46% in 2016. Women had more risk of developing diabetes at both time points (27% in 2003 and 24% in 2016 more risk). Increase in age and living in urban areas were associated with more risk of developing diabetes at both time points. There was no specific pattern regarding risk of developing diabetes and educational level in case of women. However, men who completed secondary school or had a higher diploma or above had more risk of developing diabetes in 2016 (OR = 2.24 and 4.67 respectively). Vulnerable groups who have higher risk of developing diabetes in 2016 were participants aged “60 years or older” with a wealth index of “rich” or “richer”, followed by participants from the same age group who were “poor” or “poorer” and participants aged “40–59 years” with a wealth index of “rich” or “richer”. Subsequently were participants from the age group “15–39 years” with a weight perception of “overweight” or “obese”. Conclusion Diabetes prevalence increased in South Africa between 2003 and 2016. Main risk factors were age, gender and living in urban areas. Men with high educational level were more at risk of developing diabetes in 2016. Vulnerable groups in 2016 were participants 40 years and older, particularly with high SES. This was followed by younger participants who were obese or overweight.

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Socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study based on a population-based survey in Iran

Darvishi,

Nikkhah,

Mahmudimanesh

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent form of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), with social and economic determinants significantly influencing its prevalence. This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic inequalities associated with T2DM in Iran. Methods Data from an observational survey in Iran, titled “Diabetes Care (DiaCare),” were utilized for this study. Socioeconomic inequalities were assessed through variables including Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), and Triple target (HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-C), using concentration indices (CIs) and a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Individual socioeconomic status (SES) was determined by calculating an asset index using principle component analysis (PCA) based on their properties. Data analysis was conducted using STATA software version 14. Results A total of 13,321 participants were included in the study. The CIs were significantly positive for controlled HbA1c (0.0324) and triple target (0.1067), while for controlled FBG, it was 0.0125, although not significant. Among females, the CIs were significantly positive for controlled HbA1c (0.0745), FBG (0.0367), and triple target (0.209). Additionally, in the 45–55 and 65–75 age groups, the CIs were significantly positive for controlled HbA1c (0.0607) and FBG (0.0708), respectively. This index was significant for controlled Triple target in the 35–45 (0.376) and 65–75 (0.124) age groups. The CI for controlled FBG was significant in rural dwellers (-0.044) while the concentration of controlled triple target was significant in urban dwellers (0.0967). Controlled HbA1c showed significant concentration in both urban (0.0306) and rural (-0.0576) dwellers. Furthermore, the CIs were significant for controlled HbA1c in regions with medium prevalence (0.0534) and FBG in regions with low prevalence (-0.0277). This index was significantly positive for controlled triple target in regions with high prevalence (0.124). Conclusions Diabetes care is more concentrated among individuals with higher SES. Policymakers should consider this to mitigate the inequality and alleviate the burden of T2DM.

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Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Prevalence of Diabetes in Argentina: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Women and Men

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Socioeconomic inequality in timing of ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia, 2019

Socioeconomic inequality in timing of ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia, 2019

Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence: the case of South Africa between 2003 and 2016

Socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study based on a population-based survey in Iran

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