Socioeconomic Status and Glaucoma: Associations in High Levels of Income and Education

Oh, Shin Ah; Ra, Ho; Jee, Donghyun

doi:10.1080/02713683.2018.1548129

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We hypothesize that this may be due to the confounding effect of variables such as age and socioeconomic status, which have associations with both alcohol intake and the occurrence or diagnosis of glaucoma. 79 , 80…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol, Intraocular Pressure, and Open-Angle Glaucoma

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol, Intraocular Pressure, and Open-Angle Glaucoma

et al. 2022

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“…The association between disability-adjusted life-years of glaucoma and socioeconomic development has been investigated, 12 and the inconsistent association between the prevalence of glaucoma and socioeconomic status has been described. [13][14][15] But the relationship between the prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma and various socioeconomic indicators remains unclear. Hence, the question of whether socioeconomic factors affect the prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma should be answered because this is crucial for policy-making and programme delivery in order to reduce the disease burden.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time trends, associations and prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma: an analysis of observational data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo estimate global prevalence of blindness and vision loss caused by glaucoma, and to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic factors on it.DesignA population-based observational study.SettingThe prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database. The Human Development Index (HDI), inequality-adjusted HDI and other socioeconomic data were acquired from international open databases.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma by age, gender, subregion and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the associations between the prevalence and socioeconomic indicators.ResultsThe overall age-standardised prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma worldwide was 81.5 per 100 000 in 1990 and 75.6 per 100 000 in 2017. In 2017, men had a higher age-standardised prevalence than women (6.07% vs 5.42%), and the worldwide prevalence increased with age, from 0.5 per 100 000 in the 45–49 year age group to 112.9 per 100 000 among those 70+. Eastern Mediterranean and African regions had the highest prevalence during the whole period, while the Americas region had the lowest prevalence. The prevalence was highest in low-SDI and low-income regions while lowest in high-SDI and high-income regions over the past 27 years. Multiple linear regression showed cataract surgery rate (β=−0.01, p=0.009), refractive error prevalence (β=−0.03, p=0.024) and expected years of schooling (β= -8.33, p=0.035) were associated with lower prevalence, while gross national income per capita (β=0.002, p<0.001) was associated with higher prevalence.ConclusionsLower socioeconomic levels and worse access to eyecare services are associated with higher prevalence of glaucoma-related blindness and vision loss. These findings provide evidence for policy-makers that investments in these areas may reduce the burden of the leading cause of irreversible blindness.

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“…In South Korea, between 2004 and 2013, low- and middle-income groups were identified as being at greater risk of POAG [ 41 ]. However, some studies have noted that no obvious statistically significant association exists between high income and education level and glaucoma [ 42 ]. This may be because of the different pathological mechanisms of POAG and NTG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Levels in Patients with Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Study from Taiwan

Luo

Chiang

Sun

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Patients with NTG or POAG with more than one outpatient or discharge diagnosis from the ophthalmology department were included in the study. These data were merged with the PM2.5 data from the Air Quality Monitoring Network for analysis. This was a case–control study, with 1006 participants in the NTG group and 2533 in the POAG group. To investigate fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure levels in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), patient data were obtained from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 for the 2008 to 2013 period. We used a multivariate logic regression model to assess the risk for each participant. The PM2.5 exposure levels were divided into four groups: <25th percentile (Q1), <617 μg/mm3; 25th to 50th percentile (Q2), 617 to 1297 μg/mm3; 50th to 75th percentile (Q3), 1297 to 2113 μg/mm3; and >75th percentile (Q4), >2113 μg/mm3. The results are expressed in terms of odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. A multiple logistic regression was used to compare the results of the NTG group with those of the POAG group. Compared with the PM2.5 Q1 level, the OR of the PM2.5 Q2 level was 1.009 (95% CI 0.812–1.254), the PM2.5 Q3 level was 1.241 (95% CI 1.241–1.537, p < 0.05), and the PM2.5 Q4 level was 1.246 (95% CI 1.008–1.539, p < 0.05). Our research reveals that compared with POAG, the risk of developing NTG is more closely related with PM2.5 exposure, and PM2.5 has a concentration–dose effect. It is hoped that in the future, in the clinical judgment of NTG and POAG, the level of PM2.5 in the environment can be taken as a risk factor.

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Socioeconomic Status and Glaucoma: Associations in High Levels of Income and Education

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Alcohol, Intraocular Pressure, and Open-Angle Glaucoma

Alcohol, Intraocular Pressure, and Open-Angle Glaucoma

Time trends, associations and prevalence of blindness and vision loss due to glaucoma: an analysis of observational data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Levels in Patients with Normal-Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Study from Taiwan

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