“…Early critics are numerous (but see, inter alia, Aronowitz, 1981;Brenner, 1977;Fitzgerald, 1981;Skocpol, 1977;Smith, 1986;Zeitlin, 1984;Zolberg, 1981). These charged the paradigm with a reified concept of the world-system, with teleology and circular reasoning, with neglecting historically specific development at the national level, as well as political contingency, autonomy and agency, and with conflating class and status group and highlighting stratification analysis at the expense of class analysis (So, 1990: 220).…”