Sodium Acetate and Sodium Butyrate Differentially Upregulate Antimicrobial Component Production in Mammary Glands of Lactating Goats

Tsugami, Yusaku; Suzuki, Naoki; Nii, Takahiro; Isobe, Naoki

doi:10.1007/s10911-022-09519-5

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the present study, valine treatment enhanced the secretion of lactoferrin in cultured GMECs, whereas valine injection reduced lactoferrin levels in milk. Lactoferrin is produced by both MECs and leukocytes [ 22 ]. In the mammary glands, LAT1 and LAT3 act as transporters of valine [ 36 , 37 ], and these proteins were expressed in both MECs and leukocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We established an MEC culture model based on a previously described model [ 21 , 22 ]. Goat MECs (GMECs) were cultured in 24-well plates or 12-well cell culture inserts (0.4 μm pore size; BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA, USA) coated with collagen gel (Cellmatrix Type 1-A; Nitta Gelatin, Osaka, Japan) with a growth medium [Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium/Ham’s F-12 (DMEM/F12) medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, 5 µg/mL ITS-X (1 mg/mL insulin, 0.55 mg/mL transferrin, 0.67 mg/mL selenium, and 0.20 mg/mL ethanolamine; Wako, Osaka, Japan), 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (BD Biosciences), and 5 mM sodium acetate (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan)] for 6 days until confluence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valine Treatment Enhances Antimicrobial Component Production in Mammary Epithelial Cells and the Milk of Lactating Goats Without Influencing the Tight Junction Barrier

Tsugami

Nii

Isobe

2023

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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The production of antimicrobial components and the formation of less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) are important in the defense system of lactating mammary glands and for safe dairy production. Valine is a branched-chain amino acid that is actively consumed in the mammary glands and promotes the production of major milk components like β-casein; additionally, branched-chain amino acids stimulate antimicrobial component production in the intestines. Therefore, we hypothesized that valine strengthens the mammary gland defense system without influencing milk production. We investigated the effects of valine in vitro using cultured mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and in vivo using the mammary glands of lactating Tokara goats. Valine treatment at 4 mM increased the secretion of S100A7 and lactoferrin as well as the intracellular concentration of β-defensin 1 and cathelicidin 7 in cultured MECs. In addition, an intravenous injection of valine increased S100A7 levels in the milk of Tokara goats without influencing milk yield and milk components (i.e., fat, protein, lactose, and solids). In contrast, valine treatment did not affect TJ barrier function either in vitro or in vivo. These findings indicate that valine enhances antimicrobial component production without influencing milk production and TJ barrier function in lactating mammary glands; thus, valine contributes to safe dairy production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valine Treatment Enhances Antimicrobial Component Production in Mammary Epithelial Cells and the Milk of Lactating Goats Without Influencing the Tight Junction Barrier

Tsugami

Nii

Isobe

2023

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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“…We prepared an MECs culture model following a previously established model. 18 , 31 , 32 In brief, mammary gland tissue was collected from Tokara or Shiba goats during mid-lactation following a previously reported method. 33 The minced mammary glands were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle Medium/Ham's F-12 (DMEM/F12) medium containing 1.5 mg/mL collagenase (#032-22364, Wako, Osaka, Japan) for 2.5 h at 37°C while shaking horizontally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We prepared a culture model of somatic cells following a previously established model. 32 The collected milk was centrifuged at 500 × g for 3 min at 4°C. The precipitated somatic cells were washed with PBS and centrifuged at 500 × g for 3 min at 4°C; this step was repeated twice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential effects of gingerol topical application on components of the innate immunity in lactating goat mammary glands

Tsugami,

Nii,

Kobayashi

et al. 2023

Innate Immun

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In the mammary glands, production of antimicrobial components and formation of less-permeable tight junctions (TJs) are important for safe milk production. Previously, we reported that local heat treatment of udders using disposable heating pad enhances the components of innate immunity in lactating goat mammary glands. Gingerol is a polyphenol present in ginger that can induce heat-like effects. However, oral administration of polyphenols causes a decrease in biological activity through conjugation and metabolic conversion. Here, we investigated the effects of gingerol on antimicrobial components and TJs by topically applying it to lactating goat udders. Gingerol application increased the somatic cell count, cathelicidin-2 concentration, and proportion of polymorphonuclear cells in the milk and interleukin-8 production. Moreover, gingerol treatment enhanced β-defensin-1 production in milk, cultured mammary epithelial cells, and cultured somatic cells. Contrastingly, gingerol treatment did not affect the concentrations of blood-derived components (Na+, albumin, and IgG) in the milk or the TJ barrier function of cultured mammary epithelial cells. These findings suggest that the topical application of gingerol, similar to local heat treatment, to udders enhances the components of innate immunity in mammary glands. These findings may be useful for the prevention of mastitis in milk-producing animals and, hence, safe and stable dairy production.

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“…Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro methodologies, Tsugami and colleagues demonstrate that, in goats, the branched chain amino acid valine causes mammary upregulation of selected antimicrobial components [ 15 , 16 ]. This discovery and others like it [ 17 ] may pave the way to harnessing synthesis of antimicrobial components as a therapeutic approach in cases of mastitis, an exciting prospect given the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance in both animal and human pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Mammary Physiology and Pathology in Domestic Species Benefits Both Humans and Animals

Hughes

2023

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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Sodium Acetate and Sodium Butyrate Differentially Upregulate Antimicrobial Component Production in Mammary Glands of Lactating Goats

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Valine Treatment Enhances Antimicrobial Component Production in Mammary Epithelial Cells and the Milk of Lactating Goats Without Influencing the Tight Junction Barrier

Valine Treatment Enhances Antimicrobial Component Production in Mammary Epithelial Cells and the Milk of Lactating Goats Without Influencing the Tight Junction Barrier

Potential effects of gingerol topical application on components of the innate immunity in lactating goat mammary glands

Studying Mammary Physiology and Pathology in Domestic Species Benefits Both Humans and Animals

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