Sodium alginate polymeric floating beads for the delivery of cefpodoxime proxetil

Abstract

Sodium alginate (SA) floating beads containing cefpodoxime proxetil, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, were prepared by precipitation method using calcium carbonate as gas generating agent. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was used in all the four formulations in different proportions (F1, F2, F3, and F4) as swelling agent to control the release of the drug. Gas generating agent forms pores on the surface of the beads because of the rapid escape of CO 2 during the curing process in precipitating media. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed their porous and grossly spherical structure, and the size of the beads were in the range of 700-1000 lm. The size of the beads increases with the increase in the concentration of gas-forming agent and decreases with the increase in the concentration SA. The drug entrapment efficiency was found to be in the range of 85.3-91.1%. F2shows least entrapment, whereas F3 shows maximum entrapment. The percentage porosity was 82.1-89.1%, and the mean pore diameter was 0.41-0.52 lm. The porosity depends on the concentration of gas-forming agent. The mechanical strength of the beads was 591-1073 g. All the formulations showed good floating time. The in vitro release was performed in glycine dissolution media according to USP for about 12 h. The cumulative % drug release was found to be 67.5-87.3%. The in vitro dissolution study reveals that the concentration of the gas generating agent and SA affects the release rate.

Gastroretentive drug delivery systems: A review

“…It is evident from the recent scientific and patent literature that an increased interest in novel dosage forms that are retained in stomach for a prolonged and predictable period of the time exists today in academic and industrial research groups (Gargand Gupta, 2008).…”

Design and characterization of hollow/porous floating beads of captopril for pulsatile drug delivery

“…The surface morphology was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-6360 SEM) operated at an acceleration voltage of 10 kV. [9,10] Determination of drug entrapment efficiency Accurately weighed quantities (20 mg) of beads from each batch were placed in 100 mL phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and mechanically agitated on a shaker at 200 rpm for 24 h. The resultant dispersions were filtered and analyzed spectroscopically at 201 nm. The percentage entrapment efficiency was calculated using the following equation: [11] EE% = (Actual drug content in the beads / theoretical drug content) × 100…”

Sodium Alginate with PEG/PEO Blends as a Floating Drug Delivery Carrier – In vitro Evaluation

“…[15][16][17] PEO has been proposed as an alternate to the cellulose and ethylene glycol derivatives in the production of controlled release drug delivery system. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Further it also has mucoadhesive properties which may assist in prolonging the gastric residence time. They are characterized with flocculent, thickening, sustainedrelease, lubrication, dispersing and a water-retention property which extends its application to various drug delivery systems.…”

“…14 The adjustment of polymer concentration, viscosity grade and addition of different types and levels of excipients to the polymer matrix can modify the kinetics of drug release. 18 Also the release kinetics is significantly affected by the polymer molecular weight characteristics, polymer swelling and dissolution rate, and drug diffusivity in the polymer gel surrounding the tablet. The floating drug delivery systems can be prepared by means of the reaction between carbonate salts present in alginate matrix and acetic acid which produces carbon dioxide gas.…”