2007
DOI: 10.1039/b609606a
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Sodium deficiency in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

Abstract: The mechanism of solid-state synthesis for Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that a Na 0.52x Bi 0.5 TiO 32x/2 homogeneity region, with Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 and Na 0.47 Bi 0.5 TiO 32d as the end-members (0 ¡ x ¡ 0.03), exists in the Na 2 O-Bi 2 O 3 -TiO 2 system. The formation of any member from the homogeneity region starts with the formation of the deficient end-member, i.e., Na 0.47… Show more

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Cited by 123 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…21 The authors found a stable sodium-deficient compound that forms a solid-solution with Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 and the formation of stoichiometric Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 starts with the formation of the sodium-deficient end-member, which then reacts toward the nominal composition when a sufficiently high temperature and/or a long firing time is used. A similar crystal-symmetry variation with the firing temperature was also observed for K 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…21 The authors found a stable sodium-deficient compound that forms a solid-solution with Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 and the formation of stoichiometric Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 starts with the formation of the sodium-deficient end-member, which then reacts toward the nominal composition when a sufficiently high temperature and/or a long firing time is used. A similar crystal-symmetry variation with the firing temperature was also observed for K 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…1,2 The reason for the enhanced piezoelectric response at the MPB is in the easier dipole alignment due to the large number of possible directions of polarization, and this is the same for the highest remanent polarization of the material. According to our experiences with the synthesis of NBTbased 16,44 and KBT 40 ceramics, the preparation conditions are very important because of the presence of highly volatile and hygroscopic elements. In the study of Elkechai et al 8 the initial firing temperature, which was between 880 and 950 • C, was set above the melting temperature of some reagents, i.e., Bi 2 O 3 , Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 , which melt at 825, 851 and 891 • C, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As noted, even in this partial phase diagram, at least four additional Bi-Na-Ti-based oxide compounds including a cubic pyrochlore phase as well as five more other oxide compounds exist as stable phases other than Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 TiO 3 , making the detection of a proper isoplethal path highly challenging. In addition, the task at hand is aggravated by the fact that the functional and structural properties of BNT-based system are highly sensitive to stoichiometry [218][219][220][221], which is even harder to control during the fabrication of single crystals. One potentially promising approach to solve this issue may be to utilize solid-state single crystal fabrication method [193,198,206,222], where at least the composition of the final product is reliable.…”
Section: Perspectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%