2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.595
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Sodium hydrogen bicarbonate and water as blowing agent in palm kernel oil based polyol polyurethane foam

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Cited by 16 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…The xCn‐PEI‐CO 2 blowing agents could dissolve in the mixture of EG and PEDA forming a monophase liquid foaming mixture, facilitating their blending with the other liquid raw materials of PU foams. Their capability to blow PU cooperatively with water is essential because most PU foams involve the use of some water as one of the blowing agents 26 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The xCn‐PEI‐CO 2 blowing agents could dissolve in the mixture of EG and PEDA forming a monophase liquid foaming mixture, facilitating their blending with the other liquid raw materials of PU foams. Their capability to blow PU cooperatively with water is essential because most PU foams involve the use of some water as one of the blowing agents 26 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 35 ] However, the excessive use of water (>4 php) causes urea formation and cells' distortion. [ 36,37 ] While, the effect of high load of sodium hydrogen carbonate (SHB) can be seen in the range of 15–35 php. [ 35,38,39 ]…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Polyurethane foams can be produced from mass polymerisation, which is the easiest technique for polyurethane foam synthesis and solely uses monomers such as polyols, isocyanates and physical or chemical blowing agents [4]. Currently, these main raw materials have become unpopular because they are based on petrochemical resources and this has prompted the polyurethane industry and scientific community to develop greener raw materials such as polyols from various natural or waste plant oils [5][6][7], and isocyanates from fatty or amino acids [8], while ozone depletion and global warming have Materials 2021, 14, 5475 2 of 12 caused the development of blowing agents based on hydrofluoroolefins and water [9,10] and the implementation of natural resources as fillers in the form of fibres [11,12] or particulates [13,14]. The application of these sustainable raw materials contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increased environmental conservation, stability and sustainability, and promotes convenient and cost-efficient ways to produce bio-based polyurethane composites.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%