Sodium hypochlorite is more effective than 70% ethanol against biofilms of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Tiwari, Shreshtha; Rajak, Shraddha; Mondal, D.P.; Biswas, Debasis

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.12.015

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants were effective against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms at the EPA required reduction levels. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants have been reported to destroy both the biofilm matrix and the bacteria cells within, making them better anti-biofilm agents [31, 32]. Specifically, sodium hypochlorite disinfectant products irreversibly kill bacterial cells in biofilms by denaturing proteins in the biofilm matrix and inhibiting major enzymatic functions in bacterial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants are more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms than quaternary ammonium compounds

Lineback

Nkemngong

et al. 2018

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

125

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BackgroundAntimicrobial disinfectants are used as primary treatment options against pathogens on surfaces in healthcare facilities to help prevent healthcare associated infections (HAIs). On many surfaces, pathogenic microorganisms exist as biofilms and form an extracellular matrix that protects them from the antimicrobial effects of disinfectants. Disinfectants are used as all-purpose antimicrobials though very few specifically make biofilm efficacy claims. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of eight registered disinfectants (six registered by the Environmental Protection Agency and two products registered in by the European Chemical Agency) with general bactericidal claims, but currently no biofilm efficacy claims, against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC-6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442 biofilms. We hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite disinfectant products would be more effective than quaternary ammonium chlorides.MethodsThis study tested the bactericidal efficacy of eight registered disinfectant products against S. aureus ATCC-6538 and P. aeruginosa ATCC-15442 grown on glass coupons using a Center for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor and EPA MLB SOP MB-19. Bactericidal efficacy was determined after treating coupons with disinfectants following standard EPA MLB SOP MB-20.ResultsOverall, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide disinfectants had significantly higher bactericidal efficacies than quaternary ammonium chloride disinfectants. We also found that all tested disinfectants except for quaternary ammonium chloride disinfectants met and exceeded the EPA standard for bactericidal efficacy against biofilms.ConclusionIn general, bactericidal efficacy against biofilms differed by active ingredient. The efficacies of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide disinfectants did not vary between strains, but there were significant differences between strains treated with quaternary ammonium chloride disinfectants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants are more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms than quaternary ammonium compounds

Lineback

Nkemngong

et al. 2018

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

125

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“…Sodium hypochlorite had superior efficacy for controlling both planktonic and biofilm states of growth of S. aureus. Furthermore, the characteristic morphologic changes observed in strong biofilm formers hint at its biofilm-specific activity (Tiwari et al, 2017). Moreover, Iodine still one of the commonly used…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Some Egyptian Meat processing Plants and Hotels' Environments: with Special Reference to its Sensitivity to Sanitizers

Hamad

Saad

Ibrahim

2019

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus)is Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with food poisoning diseases. This pathogen is responsible for food-borne illnesses outbreaks associated with the consumption of food especially meat products. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of Staph. aureus recovered from food contact surfaces in meat processing environment of Egypt for biofilm formation and to test their susceptibility to the commercially used sanitizers including Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs, 200ppm), Sodium hypochlorite (200ppm) and Iodine (2.5%). The ability of isolates for biofilm formation and their sensitivity to sanitizers were investigated in 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates. Twelve strains were obtained from 120 food contact surfaces (FCS) using standard microbiological techniques. All isolated strains 100% (12/12) manifested high ability to form biofilm, which was classified as a strong type. Further, the application of QACs, Sodium hypochlorite and iodine generated a reduction of (76.77%), (71.38%) and (15.84%) in the biofilm formation, respectively. Conclusively, all sanitizers were not 100% efficient in removing the biofilm formed by isolated Staph. aureus on polypropylene. Therefore, vigilant food safety practices need to be implemented in the meat processing environment, at meat processing plant and food services establishments, especially for FCS to prevent foodborne infections and intoxications due to S. aureus contamination from biofilms. BiofilmCross-contamination Food processing environment Sanitizers.

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“…The high e cacy of HP1 and HP2 compared to SH against DSB could be explained by the relatively low concentration (0.39%) of sodium hypochlorite in SH as in a 2018 study, Lineback et al compared the bactericidal e cacies of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and 1.312% sodium hypochlorite disinfectants against wet surface bio lms of P. aeruginosa, and found no difference in their e cacies [36]. The same intrinsic factor of a relatively low sodium hypochlorite concentration in SH may also account for the higher bactericidal e cacy of CL compared to SH as in a study by Tiwari et al, 0.60% sodium hypochlorite resulted in superior bactericidal e cacy against clinical isolates of S. aureus bio lms [45]. These reports suggest that although sodium hypochlorite is generally more bactericidal than quaternary ammoniums owing to their mode of action, the degree of disinfection is largely concentration dependent.…”

Section: Bactericidal E Cacy Varies By Strain After Prolonged Dehydramentioning

confidence: 89%

Disinfectant Efficacy Against Dry Surface Biofilms of Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is Product, Time Point and Strain Dependent

Nkemngong¹,

Chaggar²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Globally, healthcare associated infections (HAI) are the most frequent adverse outcome in healthcare delivery. Although bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the incidence of HAI, few studies have investigated the efficacy of common disinfectants against dry surface biofilms (DSB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of seven disinfectants against DSB of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that overall, hydrogen peroxides, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione and quaternary ammonium compounds plus alcohol disinfectants will be more bactericidal against DSB than quaternary ammonium. We also hypothesized that regardless of differences in product chemistries, higher bactericidal efficacies against DSB will be exhibited after 24 h of dehydration compared to 72 h.Methods: Wet surface biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were grown following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-19 and dehydrated for 24 h and 72 h to establish DSB. Seven EPA-registered disinfectants were tested against dehydrated DSB following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-20. Results: Overall, quaternary ammonium plus alcohol, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione, and hydrogen peroxide products were more efficacious against DSB than quaternary ammoniums for both tested strains. While there was no significant difference in biofilm killing efficacies between 24 h and 72 h S. aureus biofilms, significantly higher log10 reductions were observed when products were challenged with 24 h P. aeruginosa DSB compared to 72 h P. aeruginosa DSB. Conclusion: Strain type, active ingredient class, and dry time significantly impact disinfectant efficacy against DSB of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa.

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Sodium hypochlorite is more effective than 70% ethanol against biofilms of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants are more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms than quaternary ammonium compounds

Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants are more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms than quaternary ammonium compounds

Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Some Egyptian Meat processing Plants and Hotels' Environments: with Special Reference to its Sensitivity to Sanitizers

Disinfectant Efficacy Against Dry Surface Biofilms of Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is Product, Time Point and Strain Dependent

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