future. [1][2][3] To avoid this scenario, Na-ion batteries can play a vital role. Contrary to Li, Na has abundant natural resources with even geographic distribution. In addition to being the fifth-most abundant element in earth's crust, the Na charge carrier is also the second lightest alkali element in the periodic table. In this context, mammoth effort has been geared to build efficient Na-ion batteries. 2D layered oxides are the most important category of cathode materials, which has been proven by their dominance in commercial Li-ion batteries. Although the only difference is the intercalation ion, the electrochemical behavior and structure transformation of Na analogs are very different to that in Li-ion batteries. These are mainly caused by the larger size of Na, which can stabilize the layered structure (empirical stability criterion for ABO 2 : r B /r A <0.86 for α-NaFeO 2 type structure) and thus prevent Na from occupying tetrahedral sites and promote Na cation ordering. [31] NaMO 2 compounds can retain the layered structure for all 3d transition elements M, whereas Co and Ni are the exclusive 3d transition metals that can offer ground state stability of layered structure of LiMO 2 . Thereby, intensive survey for a variety of NaMO 2 compounds was performed. [4][5][6]32] However, even with the inherently stable structural nature of NaMO 2 compounds, they usually suffer from a slopy voltage profile distributed over a wide potential range at lower average voltage (at least 0.3 V and in many cases over 0.5 V) as compared to the Li analog, identifying only a few complicated compounds that can generate >3.5 V versus Na/Na + .Development of high voltage cathode materials is of paramount importance for Na batteries, bearing in mind the relative difference in anode potential of Li/Li + : −3.03 V and Na/ Na + : −2.71 V versus NHE. With an essential lack of high-voltage layered cathode material, polyanion compounds form a major stream toward the stable cathode materials operating over 3.5 V in Na batteries. Light and small polyanion units such as (SO 4 ) 2− , (PO 4 ) 3− , (BO 3 ) 3− , (SiO 4 ) 4− , which have also been widely explored as major components in Li-ion battery cathodes, offer two major functions; i) raising the redox potential largely as compared to the simple oxides with identical redox couple, and ii) providing inherent safety to the battery system. These two very important features led olivine LiFePO 4 to a great commercial success in the Li battery market over a decade ago, [35,37,38,63] proving that additional atoms X (X = P in this case), other than Efficient energy storage is a driving factor propelling myriads of mobile electronics, electric vehicles and stationary electric grid storage. Li-ion batteries have realized these goals in a commercially viable manner with ever increasing penetration to different technology sectors across the globe. While these electronic devices are more evident and appealing to consumers, there has been a growing concern for micro-to-mega grid storage systems. Ove...