Sodium Nickel Chloride Batteries for telecom application: A solution to critical high energy density deployment in telecom facilities

Restello, S.; Lodi, G.; Miraldi, A.K.

doi:10.1109/intlec.2012.6374513

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to the advantages of high energy density, high power density, abundance of employable elements, and low cost, what makes ZEBRA batteries practical is their intrinsic safety, a major concern posed by conventional HT Na–S batteries. Therefore, ZEBRA batteries are considered one of the promising candidates for GSES. , …”

Section: Molten Salt Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, ZEBRA batteries are considered one of the promising candidates for GSES. 376,377 Pertaining to their structural components, ZEBRA batteries consist of a Na anode, a cathode containing mainly NiCl 2 /FeCl 2 , and a Na + conducting molten NaAlCl 4 (T m = 157 °C) electrolyte. With regards to the cathode materials in ZEBRA cells, various metal halides have been reported to be effective during the battery operation.…”

Section: Zebra Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…389 It is imperative to mention that the futuristic research on LMBs is expected to focus on new electrode materials, thermal management (at lower operating temperature), and avoidance of high temperature corrosion and leakage. 389 Furthermore, ZEBRA batteries are much safer than Na−S batteries due to the presence of metal halides, which are generally less corrosive than sodium polysulfide, 376,377 not to mention that the cycle stability of ZEBRA batteries still has substantial room for improvement for GSES applications.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

et al. 2022

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Ever-increasing global energy consumption has driven the development of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with high electrochemical performance are critical for enabling renewable yet intermittent sources of energy such as solar and wind. In recent years, numerous new battery technologies have been achieved and showed great potential for grid scale energy storage (GSES) applications. However, their practical applications have been greatly impeded due to the gap between the breakthroughs achieved in research laboratories and the industrial applications. In addition, various complex applications call for different battery performances. Matching of diverse batteries to various applications is required to promote practical energy storage research achievement. This review provides indepth discussion and comprehensive consideration in the battery research field for GSES. The overall requirements of battery technologies for practical applications with key parameters are systematically analyzed by generating standards and measures for GSES. We also discuss recent progress and existing challenges for some representative battery technologies with great promise for GSES, including metal-ion batteries, lead−acid batteries, molten-salt batteries, alkaline batteries, redox-flow batteries, metal−air batteries, and hydrogen-gas batteries. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of bringing emerging battery technologies from academia to industry. Our perspectives on the future development of batteries for GSES applications are provided.

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Section: Molten Salt Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zebra Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

et al. 2022

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“…In particular, they have been proven highly effective in terms of low risk and operating performance, in different grid services including load levelling, voltage regulation, frequency regulation, time shifting and the power fluctuation mitigation of renewable energy sources in high-voltage networks [14,15]. These batteries have also found widespread use as backup power, proving an effective solution for high energy storage in telecom installations [16,17]. Moreover, thanks to the high recyclability of the constituent materials, NiCl 2 batteries have been able to decrease environmental impacts for different uses [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Sodium-Metal Chloride Batteries: Materials and Cell Design

Leonardi,

Samperi,

Frusteri

et al. 2023

Batteries

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The widespread electrification of various sectors is triggering a strong demand for new energy storage systems with low environmental impact and using abundant raw materials. Batteries employing elemental sodium could offer significant advantages, as the use of a naturally abundant element such as sodium is strategic to satisfy the increasing demand. Currently, lithium-ion batteries represent the most popular energy storage technology, owing to their tunable performance for various applications. However, where large energy storage systems are required, the use of expensive lithium-ion batteries could result disadvantageous. On the other hand, high-temperature sodium batteries represent a promising technology due to their theoretical high specific energies, high energy efficiency, long life and safety. Therefore, driven by the current market demand and the awareness of the potential that still needs to be exploited, research interest in high-temperature sodium batteries has regained great attention. This review aims to highlight the most recent developments on this topic, focusing on actual and prospective active materials used in sodium-metal chloride batteries. In particular, alternative formulations to conventional nickel cathodes and advanced ceramic electrolytes are discussed, referring to the current research challenges centered on cost reduction, lowering of the operating temperature and performance improvement. Moreover, a comprehensive overview on commercial tubular cell design and prototypal planar design is presented, highlighting advantages and limitations based on the analysis of research papers, patents and technical documents.

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“…Thus, it must be equipped with a heater that increases the energy losses and makes these batteries not suitable to every application. However, the above mentioned advantages make ZEBRA very appealing as alternative to Lithium in many applications, such as in some automotive cases [4,5], as energy storage system for renewable energy [6,7] and as energy source in telecommunication applications [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization of a Commercial Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery for Telecom Applications

Baronti

Rienzo

Roncella

et al. 2020

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Preliminary results coming from the experimental characterization of a commercial Sodium-Nickel chloride battery for telecom applications are shown in this paper. The battery was instrumented to collect all the possible current, voltage and temperature data from the paralled strings that constitute it. The aim is to have a better insight of a battery technology that seems an appealing candidate as alternative to Li-ion technology in some stationary applications. Charge/discharge cycles carried out with different loads show that the entire battery energy cannot fully be exploited at low load currents, when the internal battery heater dissipation is not negligible, and at high loads, when the internal dissipation leads to a dangerous increase of the internal temperature and to the battery disconnection. Pulse current tests useful for the validation of improved battery models are finally shown.

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Sodium Nickel Chloride Batteries for telecom application: A solution to critical high energy density deployment in telecom facilities

Abstract: Sodium Nickel Chloride Batteries for stationary applications have demonstrated to be effectively used for high energy density deployment in telecom facilities. This paper reviews the characteristics of Sodium-Chloride batteries and describes the installations in telecom facilities.

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

A Review of Sodium-Metal Chloride Batteries: Materials and Cell Design

Experimental Characterization of a Commercial Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery for Telecom Applications

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