Three new single-crystal structures
were isolated for picolinic
acid (2), the trifluoroacetate salt of picolinic acid
(1), and pyridoxal hydrochloride (3). These
compounds displayed unconventional crystallographic features that
must be considered when structural refinements are carried out. Thus,
the generated Fourier differences map obtained with the diffraction
data collected at 100 K was crucial to visualize electron densities,
which were balanced by either one hydrogen atom or a hydrogen atom
with an occupancy factor of 1/2 located between either two carboxylate
moieties, two phenolic oxygen atoms, or two pyridinic nitrogen atoms.
Moreover, NMR studies were conducted to analyze the bulk chemical
composition of single crystals of 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid obtained
from the gem-diol/hemiacetal forms and the polymerization
products after the treatment of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde with TFA:H2O (1) or a diluted Cu(NO3)2 solution (2). The quantitative yield of the pyridoxal
hydrochloride crystalline material (3) obtained from
a diluted CuCl2 solution was exhaustively characterized
by solid-state NMR methods. These methods allowed the resolution of
the signals corresponding to the protons of the hydroxyl moiety of
the intramolecular hemiacetal group and the phenolic hydrogen. Theoretical
calculations using DFT methods were done to complement the atomic
location of the hydrogen atoms obtained from the X-ray analysis.