“…Several MPPT techniques, such as open-circuit voltage [1], short-circuit current [2], perturbation and observation (P&O) [3]- [5], hill climbing [6], [7], incremental conductance (INC) [8]- [10], incremental resistance (INR) [11], [12], neural network, and fuzzy logic control [13]- [15], have been proposed in recent years. Among them, P&O, hill climbing, and INC are commonly used for their simplicity and easy implementation.…”