2021
DOI: 10.1177/0885412221992287
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Soft Spaces as a Traveling Planning Idea: Uncovering the Origin and Development of an Academic Concept on the Rise

Abstract: This article analyses the academic concept of “soft spaces” from the perspective of traveling planning ideas. The concept has its origin in the United Kingdom but has also been used in other contexts. Within European Union policy-making, the term soft planning has emerged to describe the processes of cooperation and learning with an unclear relation to planning. In the Nordic countries, soft spaces are viewed as entangled with the logics of statutory planning, posing challenges for policy delivery and regulato… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(8 citation statements)
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References 100 publications
(197 reference statements)
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“…Soon after the concept of soft spaces was first used, Faludi (2010) referred to the related notion of 'soft planning', arguing that 'soft spaces require, not hard planning that invokes statutory powers […] but soft planning that relies on a joint formulation of strategy, while retaining dispersed, and thus flexible, powers of action' (21). Many processes framed by European Union activities have since been labelled as soft planning (Purkarthofer and Granqvist 2021), including European Territorial Cooperation initiatives (Purkarthofer 2016;Stead 2011Stead , 2014. In this context, the term soft planning does not only denote planning processes in soft spaces, but potentially also implies changing characteristics of planning.…”
Section: On the Relationship Between Soft Spaces And Planningmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Soon after the concept of soft spaces was first used, Faludi (2010) referred to the related notion of 'soft planning', arguing that 'soft spaces require, not hard planning that invokes statutory powers […] but soft planning that relies on a joint formulation of strategy, while retaining dispersed, and thus flexible, powers of action' (21). Many processes framed by European Union activities have since been labelled as soft planning (Purkarthofer and Granqvist 2021), including European Territorial Cooperation initiatives (Purkarthofer 2016;Stead 2011Stead , 2014. In this context, the term soft planning does not only denote planning processes in soft spaces, but potentially also implies changing characteristics of planning.…”
Section: On the Relationship Between Soft Spaces And Planningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Soft planning brings about new forms of cooperation, coordination, negotiation and learning between different public and private actors (Purkarthofer and Granqvist 2021) and can thus be understood as collaborative process in response to a lack of legal frameworks and established ways of doing things. However, soft planning often remains tied to formal governance structures, mainly through the involvement of actors who derive their authority from spaces of bounded territoriality such as municipalities or nation states.…”
Section: On the Relationship Between Soft Spaces And Planningmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…Thinking in terms of planning systems entails a significant degree of abstraction and generalisation and is thus not sufficient to represent actual planning practices, which depend on many factors, including the leeway of actors in interpreting rules and regulations as they work within these systems as well as the influence of the broader societal context in which planning takes place. This criticism has become even more topical during the last decades, as it is increasingly acknowledged that, in addition to statutory planning instruments and administrative territories, spatial planning works through informal governance arrangements and in soft spaces (Allmendinger & Haughton, 2009 ; Purkarthofer & Granqvist, 2021 ), which typically are not reflected in the formal planning systems.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%