Soft-tissue profile-fallacies of hard-tissue standards in treatment planning

Effects of age and gender on upper airway, lower airway and upper lip growth

“…These results are in support of a careful analysis of the results of previous studies that suggested that gender differences of the upper lip length and age differences should be considered. 14,15,16,25,26 Other authors 4 have reported similar In addition to its obvious importance to the facial profile, lip morphology is of considerable significance in tooth positioning. 4,27 When the lips cannot perform their function properly, this leads to a gradual protrusion of the anterior teeth and to the establishment of a Class II, division 1 malocclusion 28 .…”

“…11 Other studies have assessed the importance of lip morphology in tooth positioning and facial profiles. 2,4,[14][15][16] The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the influence of age and gender on the upper and lower airway width and the upper lip length in a cohort of healthy subjects, who ranged from six to eighteen years of age, using lateral cephalometry.…”

Long-term surgical versus functional Class II correction: A comparison of identical twins

“…27 Here with the twins, even though the vertical control and skeletal correction was better in the surgical case compared to the nonsurgical twin, the long-term profile outcome were remarkably similar.…”

Estudo comparativo entre avaliações esqueléticas e do perfil tegumentar utilizadas no diagnóstico ortodôntico sagital

“…Nessas análises, as determinações das posições sagitais da maxila e da mandíbula eram, e ainda são, consideradas os mais importantes fatores para o diagnóstico ortodôntico e ponto-chave de decisões terapêuticas. Os ortodontistas buscavam, então, uma perfeição cefalométrica em seus tratamentos, muito embora alguns resultados desastrosos pudessem ocorrer, em relação à estética facial do paciente 1,24 . Dessa forma, os profissionais mais sensíveis, críticos e preocupados com as alterações dos perfis de seus pacientes começaram a procurar um meio auxiliar e alternativo de diagnóstico ortodôntico, que fornecesse informações sobre as necessidades estéticas faciais, não negligenciando os aspectos funcionais a serem alcançados em seus tratamentos.…”