The purpose of participating in sports is to enhance physical fitness and promote physical and mental health. The occurrence of sports injuries will cause physical and mental injuries to athletes, especially the ankle joint injuries that often occur. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of athletes’ ankle injuries. This article aims at studying the significance of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing for the rehabilitation of sports-induced ankle joint injuries and introduces the concepts of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing and ankle joint injuries. This article proposes how to use comprehensive rehabilitation nursing to recover ankle injuries caused by sports based on smart medical care. In the experiment of this article, it can be seen from Table 5 that the recovery speed of 5 athletes with ankle joint injuries before rehabilitation training was 8% (lowest) and 14% (highest). The recovery rate after rehabilitation care is up to 25%. It can be seen that comprehensive rehabilitation care is of great help to athletes with ankle injuries. As can be seen from Table 4, the number of ankle injuries in acute secondary injuries is 25, accounting for 33%, which is the highest; the number of contusions is 15, accounting for 21%, which is the lowest ratio, so it can be seen that the ankle joint injury in sports is the most serious. Therefore, the application of comprehensive rehabilitation care needs to be popularized, which is of great significance to ankle joint injuries. The ankle joint is one of the most easily sprained joints in the human body, not only because of the flexibility of the ankle joint, but also because of the anatomical characteristics of the ankle joint. The main cause of ankle injuries is inappropriate behavior in sports.