Software Fault Tolerance Forestalls Crashes: To Err Is Human; To Forgive Is Fault Tolerant

Emergency Software Maintenance for Individual Industrial Equipments

“…Nevertheless, as an abstract, intangible entity, software does not wear out with time and usage and become failure prone as hardware; instead, software faults are most often caused by design shortcomings or coding mistakes [16], and are much more difficult to pin down and control [2]. In consequence, for emergency software maintenance, it is hard to classify maintenance functions by levels, assign responsibilities for maintenance functions to a specific level, assign maintenance tasks that are consistent with the scope and range of work to be performed, and accomplish maintenance tasks by ensuring optimum use of resources.…”

Software fault avoidance issues

“…Bernstein [14] [20], error masking [22,25], fault recovery [24], error detection [19,28] and correction [23] and so on by using necessary replicated data or code, assertions, time or space redundancy etc. Such techniques normally rely on enhanced single version programming (ESVP) schemes [25] that are based on single robust design only.…”