Software for interpolation of vegetative growth of yerba mate plants in 3D

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to build mock-ups of complete yerba mate plants in several stages of development, using the InterpolMate software, and to compute photosynthesis on the interpolated structure. The mock-ups of yerba-mate were first built in the VPlants software for three growth stages. Male and female plants grown in two contrasting environments (monoculture and forest understory) were considered. To model the dynamic 3D architecture of yerba-mate plants during the biennial growth interval between two subsequent prunings, data sets of branch development collected in 38 dates were used. The estimated values obtained from the mock-ups, including leaf photosynthesis and sexual dimorphism, are very close to those observed in the field. However, this similarity was limited to reconstructions that included growth units from original data sets. The modeling of growth dynamics enables the estimation of photosynthesis for the entire yerba mate plant, which is not easily measurable in the field. The InterpolMate software is efficient for building yerba mate mock-ups.Index terms: Ilex paraguariensis, AMAPmod, modeling, plant architecture, plant growth, 3D reconstruction. Programa computacional para interpolação de crescimento vegetativo de plantas da erva-mate em 3DResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir maquetes de plantas de erva-mate em vários estágios de desenvolvimento com o uso do programa InterpolMate, e de computar a fotossíntese a partir de estrutura interpolada. Maquetes de erva-mate foram construídas com o software VPlants para três estágios de crescimento. Foram consideradas plantas do sexo masculino e feminino, cultivadas em dois ambientes distintos: monocultura e sub-bosque. Para modelar a arquitetura dinâmica 3D, de plantas individuais de erva-mate, durante o período bienal de crescimento entre duas podas, foram utilizadas informações coletadas em 38 datas do desenvolvimento dos galhos. Os valores estimados a partir das maquetes, incluindo dimorfismo sexual e fotossíntese foliar, são muito próximos aos observados em campo. Contudo, essa semelhança foi limitada às reconstruções que incluíram unidades de crescimento de conjuntos de dados originais. A modelagem da dinâmica de crescimento possibilita estimativas de fotossíntese de plantas inteiras da erva-mate, o que é dificilmente mensurável no campo. O software InterpolMate é eficiente na construção de maquetes de erva-mate.Termos para indexação: Ilex paraguariensis, AMAPmod, modelagem, arquitetura de plantas, crescimento de plantas, reconstrução 3D.

Time series in analysis of yerba-mate biennial growth modified by environment

“…The biennial growth of yerba-mate plants cultivated in MO was influenced strongly by GDD in males, while NL affected growth parameters of both genders, and strongly influenced the leafy axis growth even in an environment more like the yerba-mate's natural habitat (FUS). The crucial role of the cultivation system in the modification of yerba-mate production (Rakocevic et al 2006c), leaf and plant photosynthesis, and sexual dimorphism has been demonstrated (Silva and Rakocevic 2010). Yerba-mate growth modifications affected by environment were much more pronounced when plants were grown in a cultivation system that is less like the yerba-mate's natural habitat (MO) compared to those grown under FUS.…”

“…Adult yerba-mate plants respond strongly to high-light conditions (monoculture), where they show more intensive leaf emission and leaf area formation than when grown under the forest understorey (FUS; Rakocevic et al 2006a). Yerbamate leaf physiology changes when plants are grown in monoculture (Rakocevic et al 2009;Silva and Rakocevic 2010), and this strongly affects the characteristics of obtained 'chimarrão' (Rakocevic et al 2008).…”

Secondary sexual dimorphism in biomass production of Ilex paraguariensis progenies associated with their provenances and morphotypes

“…Knowledge of yerba-mate SSD initiated with gender segregation in leaf gas exchanges (Rakocevic et al, 2007a(Rakocevic et al, , 2009, leaf chemical composition (Pauli et al, 2019;Rakocevic et al, 2007b;Tormena et al, 2020), beverage sensorial quality (Rakocevic et al, 2008a), plant growth, and architecture (Guédon et al, 2018;Matsunaga et al, 2014;Rakocevic et al, 2008b;Silva and Rakocevic, 2010). Biomass production does not differ between two genders (Rakocevic et al, 2007b), regardless of the system of yerba-mate cultivation, monoculture (full sunlight cultivation), or agroforestry production under shaded conditions (Matsunaga et al, 2014).…”

Canopy architecture and diurnal CO2 uptake in male and female clones of yerba‐mate cultivated in monoculture and agroforestry

“…SSD in leaf area and light interception are related to leaves positioned in the lowest plant layers . However, sexual responses strongly depend on the environment, especially light conditions, with some opposite effects observed in female and male plants (internode length and individual leaf size), according to whether they were cultivated in MO or in AFS, under high-or lowlight conditions, respectively (Rakocevic et al, 2008;Rakocevic & Martim, 2011;Silva & Rakocevic, 2010).…”

“…SSD in leaf area and light interception are related to leaves positioned in the lowest plant layers (Rakocevic et al, 2011). However, sexual responses strongly depend on the environment, especially light conditions, with some opposite effects observed in female and male plants (internode length and individual leaf size), according to whether they were cultivated in MO or in AFS, under high‐ or low‐light conditions, respectively (Rakocevic et al, 2008; Rakocevic et al, 2011; Rakocevic & Martim, 2011; Silva & Rakocevic, 2010). Optimized foliage structure and physiology in females are found to compensate for greater reproductive costs in early developmental stages in one yerba‐mate native population, but females and males were similar in terms of photosynthetic efficiency after 2‐years of regrowth (Rakocevic et al, 2011).…”