“…Program managers have been using more COTS parts in sustainment dominated systems such as the military, avionics, nuclear plants, and transportation systems due to many advantages including cost, availability, and ease of use. Despite their abundant advantages, 6 due to their shorter product life cycle (2–5 years), there are also disadvantages of using them in sustainment dominated systems whose product life cycles are 25 years on average 7,8 . Such disparity between product life cycles created “the dark side of the Moore‐law.” 9,10 Obsolescence affects systems differently during various phases of the product life cycle 11 .…”