Soil aggregation under different management systems

Portella, Cibele M. R.; Guimarães, María de Fátima; Feller, Christian; Fonseca, Inês Cristina de Batista; Filho, João Tavares

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832012000600021

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results confirmed those of Neves et al (2003), Portella et al (2012) and Llanillo et al (2013) and showed that the studied management systems result in soil structure differences. Conventional tillage with one plowing, one or two harrowings (depending on the year and need) and NT promoted important changes in the soil structure between 0 and ±50 cm deep, compared to the soils under native forest and other management systems.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Soil Morphologysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Structural units: general term used to replace aggregates (0-10 cm) and/or clumps (> 10 cm). result in soil pore loss and changes in infiltration rates, water availability, aeration and root penetration in the soil, which affect crop yields and induce erosion (Araújo et al, 2007;Collares et al, 2006;Tavares Filho et al, 2012;Portella et al, 2012;Llanillo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Soil Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Calegari et al (2013), a no-tillage cultivation system will improve the soil chemical properties and increase the total and microbial organic carbon down to 20 cm deep. Furthermore, the lowest OM content in the CT management system probably resulted from soil tillage because plowing and harrowing incorporate OM into the soil, which accelerates OM oxidation and decomposition (Neves et al, 2007;Portella et al, 2012;Llanillo et al, 2013;Calegari et al, 2013).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Soil Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the State of Paraná, the Red Latosol is one of the richest and most productive soil types for grain production for Brazilian domestic and export markets (Tavares Filho et al, 2010;. However, the intensive soil use with agricultural technologies and a wide range of management and agricultural practices has resulted in soil physical degradation and structural changes, e.g., the formation of compacted layers (Collares et al, 2006;Portella et al, 2012;Llanillo et al, 2013;Calegari et al, 2013). These changes can cause damage, including the loss of soil pores, leading to reduced infiltration capacity, water availability, and aeration and increased root penetration resistance, affecting crop yields and intensifying soil erosion processes Calegari et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural changes and degradation of Red Latosols under different management systems for 20 years

Filho

Melo

Machado

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYSoils are the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and their role in food production is fundamental, although physical degradation has been observed in recent years, caused by different cultural practices that modify structures and consequently the functioning of soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible structural changes and degradation in an Oxisol under different managements for 20 years: no-tillage cultivation with and without crop rotation, perennial crop and conventional tillage, plus a forested area (reference). Initially, the crop profile was described and subsequently, 10 samples per management system and forest soil were collected to quantify soil organic matter, flocculation degree, bulk density, and macroporosity. The results indicated structural changes down to a soil depth of 50 cm, with predominance of structural units ∆µ ∆µ ∆µ ∆µ ∆µ (intermediate compaction level) under perennial crop and no-tillage crop rotation, and of structural units ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ (compacted) under conventional tillage and no-tillage. The soil was increasingly degraded in the increasing order: forest => no-tillage crop rotation => perennial crop => no-tillage without crop rotation => conventional tillage. In all managements, the values of organic matter and macroporosity were always below and bulk density always above those of the reference area (forest) and, under no-tillage crop rotation and perennial crop, the flocculation degree was proportionally equal to that of the reference area.Index terms: crop profile, soil physical properties, organic matter, soil quality. RESUMO: MUDANÇAS ESTRUTURAIS E DEGRADAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS DE LATOSSOLO VERMELHO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES MANEJOS POR 20 ANOSO solo integra os ecossistemas terrestres e o papel dele na produção de alimentos é essencial, embora nos últimos anos tenha se constatado sua degradação física em razão das diferentes práticas culturais utilizadas que modificam sua estrutura e, consequentemente, seu funcionamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis mudanças estruturais, bem como a degradação de Latossolo Vermelho submetido a diferentes manejos por 20 anos. As avaliações foram realizadas em diferentes manejos: semeadura direta com e sem rotação de culturas; cultura perene; e preparo convencional, além de uma área de mata (referência). Inicialmente, fez-se a descrição do perfil cultural e, na sequência, coletaram-se 10 amostras de solo em cada manejo considerado e sob mata nativa para quantificar o teor de matéria orgânica, o grau de floculação, a densidade e a macroporosidade do solo. Os resultados indicaram mudanças estruturais até 50 cm de profundidade com predomínio de unidades estruturais ∆µ (nível intermediário de compactação) nos manejos cultura perene e semeadura direta com rotação de culturas e unidades estruturais ∆ (compactado), nos manejos preparo convencional e semeadura direta. A degradação do solo, da menor para a maior, ocorreu na seguinte ordem: Mata => semeadura direta com rotação de culturas => cultura perene => semeadura dir...

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Section: Evaluation Of the Soil Morphologysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Evaluation Of the Soil Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of the Soil Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Structural changes and degradation of Red Latosols under different management systems for 20 years

Filho

Melo

Machado

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

Self Cite

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“…Materechera et al (1992) also observed a lower proportion of large aggregates in agricultural clay soils cultivated with Lolium multiflorum compared to Triticum spp and Pisum sativum, attributing this result to the greater root length of Lolium multiflorum. The root system of grasses can lead to the change of more compact aggregates into less compact aggregates (Portella et al, 2012) by breaking the aggregates and then reshaping them (Terpstra, 1990) or by stresses generated in the soil-root interface during water extraction, which cause cracks in the soil (Ball et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclamation of a Degraded Coal-Mining Area with Perennial Cover Crops

Pauletto

Stumpf

Pinto

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Studies addressing the potential of grass roots in improving the structural quality of constructed minesoils are not frequent in the literature, although they are essential for understanding the re-establishment of soil functions in the environment. The objective of this study was to quantify the root attributes of the species Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum, and Urochloa brizantha and relate them to the physical properties of a constructed minesoil in reclamation of an area degraded by coal mining. The study was performed in a field experiment in a coal mining area located in southern Brazil. Soil samples were collected, five years after experiment installation, to determine bulk density, macroporosity, distribution of water stable aggregates expressed in different size classes, mean weight diameter of water stable aggregates, and organic carbon content, as well as for chemical characterization. Root sampling was performed by the monolith method to a depth of 0.30 m. Results confirm the hypothesis that the root system of the perennial grasses studied positively contributes to recovery of the constructed minesoil in the 0.00-0.10 m layer after 58 months of revegetation. The higher percentage of large aggregates, higher bulk density, and lower macroporosity in the subsurface indicate the presence of degraded layers, negatively influencing the development of the grass root system. Urochloa brizantha exhibited the largest root matter in the surface layer, influencing the breakdown of the large and cohesive aggregates, transforming them into smaller crumbly aggregates. In the 0.10-0.20 m layer, Urochloa humidicola showed greater volume and root length in relation to other species; nevertheless, changes in soil physical properties were not observed, showing that the time span of the root growth of the species was not sufficient to provide improvements in the subsurface layers.

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An improved method for determination of aggregate stability using laser diffraction

et al. 2018

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Soil aggregate water stability is very important from both scientific and practical points of view. This stability is a critical factor in a soil's susceptibility to water erosion and, in turn, land degradation. The most popular measure of soil aggregate stability is the water resistance index (WRI), which is commonly measured using the wet‐sieving method. Using the laser diffraction method in order to observe changes in the median of the particle size distribution and determine soil aggregate stability was first proposed in 2010. However, the method was not suitable for weak aggregates. The aim of this study was to present a measure of aggregate stability using laser diffractometry, aggregate stability index (ASILD). Determination of the ASILD is based on the calculation of the directional coefficient of the straight line interpolated from 2 points: (a) the value calculated as the mean of the lower and upper nominal sieve sizes used for soil aggregate separation and (b) the median of the first measurement after the adding of the dry aggregates into the measuring system of the laser diffractometer. This proposed method for the calculation of the ASILD can be applied to very weak aggregates (i.e., aggregates that, in practice, are not at all water resistant). For weak and moderately stable aggregates, the correlation between ASILD and WRI is higher than 0.9. This method also enables differentiation between the water resistance of aggregates which, by the wet‐sieving method, are indistinguishable (i.e., those which have the maximum WRI).

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Soil aggregation under different management systems

Abstract: SUMMARY(

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Structural changes and degradation of Red Latosols under different management systems for 20 years

Structural changes and degradation of Red Latosols under different management systems for 20 years

Reclamation of a Degraded Coal-Mining Area with Perennial Cover Crops

An improved method for determination of aggregate stability using laser diffraction

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