Soil and water losses in a low intensity rainfall region in Iraq

Hussein, Mohammad H.; Othman, Abbas K.

doi:10.1080/02626668809491247

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Palestinian plot studies by Hammad et al (2006) showed that runoff and soil erosion were both likely to occur in rain events in which R t30 > 4 mm h 1 , quite a low rate. Low rain rate thresholds for overland flow and erosion have been reported elsewhere (Hussein and Othman, 1988;James and Alexander, 1998;Kumar et al, 2002). For erosion on burned hillslopes, Robichaud et al (2006) reported significant erosion for events in which R t10 exceeded 13 mm h 1 , and for which R e values (not reported) would have been considerably lower.…”

Section: The Environmental Impact Of Rain Events With Low Rain Ratessupporting

confidence: 54%

Rain event properties in nature and in rainfall simulation experiments: a comparative review with recommendations for increasingly systematic study and reporting

Dunkerley

2008

Hydrological Processes

174

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In hydrology and geomorphology, less attention has been paid to rain event properties such as duration, mean and peak rain rate than to rain properties such as drop size or kinetic energy. A literature review shows a lack of correspondence between natural and simulated rain events. For example, 26 studies that report event statistics from substantial records of natural rain reveal a mean rain rate of just 3Ð47 mm h 1 (s.d. 2Ð38 mm h 1 ). In 17 comparable studies dealing with extreme rain rates including events in cyclonic, tropical convective, and typhoon conditions, a mean maximum rain rate (either hourly or mean event rain rate) of 86Ð3 mm h 1 (s.d. 57Ð7 mm h 1 ) is demonstrated. However, 49 studies using rainfall simulation involve a mean maximum rain rate of 103Ð1 mm h 1 (s.d. 81Ð3 mm h 1 ), often sustained for >1 h, exceeding even than of extreme rain events, and nearly 30 times the mean rain rate in ordinary, non-exceptional, rain events. Thus rainfall simulation is often biased toward high rain rates, and many of the rates employed (in several instances exceeding 150 mm h 1 ) appear to have limited relevance to ordinary field conditions. Generally, simulations should resemble natural rain events in each study region. Attention is also drawn to the raindrop arrival rate at the surface. In natural rain, this is known to vary from <100 m 2 s 1 to >5000 m 2 s 1 . Arrival rate may need to be added to the list of parameters that must be reproduced realistically in rainfall simulation studies.

show abstract

Section: The Environmental Impact Of Rain Events With Low Rain Ratessupporting

confidence: 54%

Rain event properties in nature and in rainfall simulation experiments: a comparative review with recommendations for increasingly systematic study and reporting

Dunkerley

2008

Hydrological Processes

174

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the value of R 2 is relatively high (0.93) which means 93% variations in dependent variable Y are explained by the independent variables present in our model as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 (Abdulla & Al-badranih (2000), Najmaddin et al (2017), Hussein & Othman (1988)). Figure 5 illustrates the strong correlation between the two factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment model of water harvesting and storage location using GIS and remote sensing in Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the important steps towards optimizing land productivity and water availability for the semi-arid and arid areas is the identification of potential sites for water harvesting. Therefore, this paper uses the Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques to select the optimized sites for water harvesting in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq. Geographic water management capabilities are applied as a spatial analysis model. Data from global data repositories are retrieved followed by rescaling them to a spatial resolution to acquire a manageable input data set. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model is used to calculate the potential runoff as an intermediate input. Multi-Criteria Evaluation techniques are adopted to identify the relative importance and suitability levels of the input parameters set to manage the water supply. The suitability for identifying irrigation pond and dam location(s) was considered in this study. To achieve this goal, the criteria for eligibility for water harvesting areas have been completed on the basis of the conditions in the study methods. Based on the hydrological and geomorphological standards of the study area, suitable sites for harvest areas were identified and it was divided into four classes in terms of their suitability for water harvesting, namely very low, low, moderate, and high suitable for water harvesting. It can be concluded that the findings of this research can be used to assist in water resources management as an efficient planning tool to ensure sustainable development of the water in Iraq who suffers from water shortages.

show abstract

“…Common erosion/sedimentation analysis relates the runoff ratio to the sediment delivery ratio (ratio of sediment yield to gross erosion) (Hussein & Othman, 1988). Only the long plots, however, showed noticeable sediment enrichment in fines compared to the original soil (Hussein, 1996).…”

Section: P and N Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus and nitrogen losses associated with runoff and erosion on an Aridisol in northern Iraq

Hussein

Awad³

1999

Hydrological Sciences Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Runoff and soil erosion are known to cause a degradation in soil and water quality. Six natural runoff plots (three 10 m long and three 30 m long) were established on 6% uniform slope area for the study of P and N losses associated with runoff and soil erosion in northern Iraq. The soil at the site belongs to the Calciorthid suborder which dominates in the low rainfall zone of northern Iraq. Runoff, erosion, and associated P and N losses, were recorded from these plots for three rainfall seasons. Results illustrated that eroded sediment is always rich in available P and inorganic N compared to the original soil. Concentrations of soluble P and soluble N in runoff illustrated significant variability both between storms and between seasons. Both sediment-bound P and soluble P were significantly correlated with the ratio of runoff to rainfall. Pertes en phosphore et en azote dues au ruissellement et à l'érosion dans le nord de l'IrakRésumé On sait le rôle du ruissellement et de l'érosion des sols dans la dégradation des sols et de la qualité des eaux. Six parcelles d'étude du ruissellement naturel (trois de 10 m de long et trois de 30 m de long) de pente égale à 6% ont été mises en place en vue d'étudier les pertes en P et N dues au ruissellement et à l'érosion, sur un soussol calcaire très courant dans la région peu arrosée du Nord de l'Irak. Le ruissellement, l'érosion et les pertes en P et N ont été mesurés durant trois saisons des pluies. Les résultats ont montré que les sédiments provenant de l'érosion sont beaucoup plus riches en P et en N que le sol original. La concentration du phosphore mobilisable et de l'azote minéral dans les eaux de ruissellement présente une importante variabilité selon les averses et saisons étudiées. Aussi bien le P dissous que le P particulaire sont significativement corrélés au rapport du ruissellement aux précipitations.

show abstract

Soil and water losses in a low intensity rainfall region in Iraq

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Rain event properties in nature and in rainfall simulation experiments: a comparative review with recommendations for increasingly systematic study and reporting

Rain event properties in nature and in rainfall simulation experiments: a comparative review with recommendations for increasingly systematic study and reporting

Assessment model of water harvesting and storage location using GIS and remote sensing in Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

Phosphorus and nitrogen losses associated with runoff and erosion on an Aridisol in northern Iraq

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About