Soil Attributes After the Conversion From Forest to Pasture in Amazon

Braz, Anderson Martins de Souza; Fernandes, Antônio Rodrigues; Alleoni, Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú

doi:10.1002/ldr.1100

Cited by 75 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Incrementos no estoque de C em solos da Amazônia têm sido verificado na transformação de áreas de mata nativa em pastagens, em Latossolo Amarelo no município de Tailândia-PA (SOUZA BRAZ et al, 2011) e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo nos municípios de Rio Branco e Senador Guiomard-AC (ARAÚJO et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Estoque de carbono orgânico e intervalo hídrico ótimo em Latossolo Amarelo sob adubação orgânica

Fernandes¹,

Braz²,

Santos³

et al. 2011

RCA

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PALAVRAS-CHAVE: CaupiHouve um aumento da água disponível em todos os tratamentos em relação ao tratamento controle. Maiores produtividades foram obtidas com os tratamentos esterco de galinha, para o caupi e milho, e adubação fosfatada para a mandioca. ABSTRACT:The organic fertilizer using residue plant and animal origin available in the field, can be a viable and sustainable for small farmers to substitute mineral fertilizer phosphated which has very high cost. Stock of organic carbon and Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) are indicators of sustainability of agricultural systems production that can support decision making in the choice of best management systems and use of soil. We studied the effect of phosphated and organic fertilization on the stock of organic carbon and LLWR, as indicators of soil physical quality and yield of Vigna unguiculata, Zea mayz and Manihot sculenta. The treatments were: cattle manure (EB), chicken manure (EG), cassava agroindustry residue (RM), phosphate fertilizer (AF), mulching Canavalia ensiformis (FP) and control (Cont) without fertilization. The amounts were 20 Mg ha -1 a a for organic sources (except mulching) and 200 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 a a applied to 50% in 2002 and 50% in 2003, before planting the first crop year. Increase occurred in the stock of carbon in the soil for all treatments, the largest value obtained with the use of chicken manure and the lowest for cattle manure. The values of soil resistance to penetration (lower limit) and field capacity (upper limit) were the parameters that delimit the LLWR. There was an increase in available water in all treatments compared to control. Higher productivity was obtained with chicken manure treatments for both Vigna unguiculata and Zea mayz, and phosphated fertilizers for cassava.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Estoque de carbono orgânico e intervalo hídrico ótimo em Latossolo Amarelo sob adubação orgânica

Fernandes¹,

Braz²,

Santos³

et al. 2011

RCA

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“…However, major processes include accelerated erosion (Lal, 2001;Cerda et al, 2009;Bindraban et al, 2012;Rodrigo Comino et al, 2016a, b;Xu et al, 2016), deforestation (De la paix et al, 2013), poor pasture management (De Souza Braz et al, 2013), decline in soil structure (Cerda, 2000), salinization associated with inadequate irrigation management (Prager et al, 2011;Ganjegunte et al, 2014), alkalinization and sodification (Condom et al, 1999), depletion of soil organic matter (SOM; Jordán et al, 2010), reduction in the activity of soil microorganisms (Lal, 2009), soil compaction (Pulido et al, 2017), and unsustainable agricultural practices (Krasilnikov et al, 2016). For sustainable soil management in agricultural regions, it is essential for farmers and scientists to identify major dominant degradation processes and their indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a composite soil degradation assessment index for cocoa agroecosystems in southwestern Nigeria

2017

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Abstract. Cocoa agroecosystems are a major land-use type in the tropical rainforest belt of West Africa, reportedly associated with several ecological changes, including soil degradation. This study aims to develop a composite soil degradation assessment index (CSDI) for determining the degradation level of cocoa soils under smallholder agroecosystems of southwestern Nigeria. Plots where natural forests have been converted to cocoa agroecosystems of ages 1-10, 11-40, and 41-80 years, respectively representing young cocoa plantations (YCPs), mature cocoa plantations (MCPs), and senescent cocoa plantations (SCPs), were identified to represent the biological cycle of the cocoa tree. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in each plot and analysed in terms of their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Factor analysis of soil data revealed four major interacting soil degradation processes: decline in soil nutrients, loss of soil organic matter, increase in soil acidity, and the breakdown of soil textural characteristics over time. These processes were represented by eight soil properties (extractable zinc, silt, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus, total porosity, pH, and clay content). These soil properties were subjected to forward stepwise discriminant analysis (STEPDA), and the result showed that four soil properties (extractable zinc, cation exchange capacity, SOM, and clay content) are the most useful in separating the studied soils into YCP, MCP, and SCP. In this way, we have sufficiently eliminated redundancy in the final selection of soil degradation indicators. Based on these four soil parameters, a CSDI was developed and used to classify selected cocoa soils into three different classes of degradation. The results revealed that 65 % of the selected cocoa farms are moderately degraded, while 18 % have a high degradation status. The numerical value of the CSDI as an objective index of soil degradation under cocoa agroecosystems was statistically validated. The results of this study reveal that soil management should promote activities that help to increase organic matter and reduce Zn deficiency over the cocoa growth cycle. Finally, the newly developed CSDI can provide an early warning of soil degradation processes and help farmers and extension officers to implement rehabilitation practices on degraded cocoa soils.

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“…C-inputs via root exudation are believed to represent 1%-10% of net assimilated C-fluxes [45], though estimates are usually based on pot experiments and are therefore insecure for forest ecosystems. Belowground C-inputs from exudation and root sloughing from C4 grasses are high in Brachiaria pastures [46,47], forming the base for SOM-buildup in these systems. The main pathway of C-outputs is via decomposition/respiration of OM and the emission of CO 2 (and small but climate-relevant amounts of methane [48]) to the atmosphere.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Organic Matter In Soils Of the Humid Tromentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Farming Practices for Sustainable Soil Use in the Humid Tropics and Rainforest Ecosystem Health

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Unsustainable farming practices such as shifting cultivation and slash-and-burn agriculture in the humid tropics threaten the preservation of the rainforest and the health of the local and global environment. In weathered soils prone to cohesion in humid tropic due to low Fe and carbon content and the enormous amounts of P that can be adsorbed, sustainable soil use is heavily dependent on the availability and efficient use of nutrients. This paper reviews the literature in the field and provides some insights about sustainable soil use in the humid tropics, mainly for the Brazilian Amazonia region. Careful management of organic matter and physical and chemical indicators is necessary to enhance root growth and nutrient uptake. To improve the rootability of the arable layer, a combination of gypsum with continuous mulching to increase the labile organic matter fraction responsible for the formation of a short-lived structure important for root growth is recommended, rather than tillage. Unlike mulching, mechanical disturbance via ploughing of Amazonian soils causes very rapid and permanent soil organic matter losses and often results in permanent recompaction and land degradation or anthropic savannization; thus, it should be avoided. Unlike in other regions, like southeast Brazil, saturating the soil solely with inorganic potassium and nitrogen soluble fertilizers is not recommended. Nutrient retention in the root zone can be enhanced if nutrients are added in a slow-release form and if biologically mediated processes are used for nutrient release, as occurs in green manure. Therefore, an alternative that favors using local resources to increase the supply of nutrients and offset processes that impair the efficiency of nutrient use must be pursued.

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Soil Attributes After the Conversion From Forest to Pasture in Amazon

Cited by 75 publications

References 28 publications

Estoque de carbono orgânico e intervalo hídrico ótimo em Latossolo Amarelo sob adubação orgânica

Estoque de carbono orgânico e intervalo hídrico ótimo em Latossolo Amarelo sob adubação orgânica

Development of a composite soil degradation assessment index for cocoa agroecosystems in southwestern Nigeria

Improving Farming Practices for Sustainable Soil Use in the Humid Tropics and Rainforest Ecosystem Health

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