Soil Chemistry and Bioavailability with Special Reference to Trace Elements

Davies, Brian E.

doi:10.1002/9783527615919.ch1

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The soil acidity is a serious agricultural problem, affecting as much as 40% of the world's arable land and up to 70% of the world's potentially arable land (Kochian et al, 2005;Hede et al, 2001). Aluminium toxicity is a main growth and yieldlimiting factor on soils with pHs below 5.0 (Davies, 1994), and can directly reduce yield by up to 60% (Tang et al, 2003). Amelioration of soil surface layer is not a reasonable solution in low input and organic agriculture, and because plant roots develop in lower acid layers to reach critical water and nutrient supplies.…”

Section: Acid and Alkaline Soils And Tolerance To Metal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal landraces for sustainable agriculture. A review

Newton¹,

Akar²,

Baresel

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

215

142

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Modern agriculture and conventional breeding and the liberal use of high inputs has resulted in the loss of genetic diversity and the stagnation of yields in cereals in less favourable areas. Increasingly landraces are being replaced by modern cultivars which are less resilient to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses and thereby losing a valuable source of germplasm for meeting the future needs of sustainable agriculture in the context of climate change. Where landraces persist there is concern that their potential is not fully realised. Much effort has gone into collecting, organising, studying and analysing landraces recently and we review the current status and potential for their improved deployment and exploitation, and incorporation of their positive qualities into new cultivars or populations for more sustainable agricultural production. In particular their potential as sources of novel disease and abiotic stress resistance genes or combination of genes if deployed appropriately, of phytonutrients accompanied with optimal micronutrient concentrations which can help alleviate aging-related and chronic diseases, and of nutrient use efficiency traits. We discuss the place of landraces in the origin of modern cereal crops and breeding of elite cereal cultivars, the importance of on-farm and ex situ diversity conservation; how modern genotyping approaches can help both conservation and exploitation; the importance of different phenotyping approaches; and whether legal issues associated with landrace marketing and utilisation need addressing. In this review of the current status and prospects for landraces of cereals in the context of sustainable agriculture, the major points are the following: (1) Landraces have very rich and complex ancestry representing variation in response to many diverse stresses and are vast resources for the development of future crops deriving many sustainable traits from their heritage. (2) There are many germplasm collections of landraces of the major cereals worldwide exhibiting much variation in valuable morphological, agronomic and biochemical traits. The germplasm has been characterised to variable degrees and in many different ways including molecular markers which can assist selection. (3) Much of this germplasm is being maintained both in long-term storage and on farm where it continues to evolve, both of which have their merits and problems. There is much concern about loss of variation, identification, description and accessibility of accessions despite international strategies for addressing these issues. (4) Developments in genotyping technologies are making the variation available in landraces ever more accessible. However, high quality, extensive and detailed, relevant and appropriate phenotyping needs to be associated with the genotyping to enable it to be exploited successfully. We also need to understand the complexity of the genetics of these desirable traits in

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Section: Acid and Alkaline Soils And Tolerance To Metal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal landraces for sustainable agriculture. A review

Newton¹,

Akar²,

Baresel

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

215

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Negative correlations were observed between sediment OM and elements in water and sediment, which may indicate that these elements are associated with the organic matter fraction of the sediment (Davies 1994; Jackson 1998) and hence are less mobile in the water and sediment of high OM lakes. The negative relationship between sediment OM and elements may also indicate that these elements are bound to the inorganic fraction or depleted or leached from the upper sediments due to low pH of the high OM lakes (Steinmann and Shotyk 1997; Yanes et al 2006; Syrovetnik et al 2007; Das et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multi-Elements in Waters and Sediments of Shallow Lakes: Relationships with Water, Sediment, and Watershed Characteristics

et al. 2015

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We measured concentrations of multiple elements, including rare earth elements, in waters and sediments of 38 shallow lakes of varying turbidity and macrophyte cover in the Prairie Parkland (PP) and Laurentian Mixed Forest (LMF) provinces of Minnesota. PP shallow lakes had higher element concentrations in waters and sediments compared to LMF sites. Redundancy analysis indicated that a combination of site- and watershed-scale features explained a large proportion of among-lake variability in element concentrations in lake water and sediments. Percent woodland cover in watersheds, turbidity, open water area, and macrophyte cover collectively explained 65.2 % of variation in element concentrations in lake waters. Sediment fraction smaller than 63 µm, percent woodland in watersheds, open water area, and sediment organic matter collectively explained 64.2 % of variation in element concentrations in lake sediments. In contrast to earlier work on shallow lakes, our results showed the extent to which multiple elements in shallow lake waters and sediments were influenced by a combination of variables including sediment characteristics, lake morphology, and percent land cover in watersheds. These results are informative because they help illustrate the extent of functional connectivity between shallow lakes and adjacent lands within these lake watersheds.

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“…In anaerobic, chemically reduced environments, Eh tends to increase towards plant roots due to radial oxygen loss (ROL) and oxidation of ferrous iron (Davies, 1994; Flessa and Fischer, 1992). This in turn can lead to an influx of metals that have an affinity for Fe plaque (Otte et al, 1995) in the direction of plant roots and subsequent accumulation in the rhizosphere (Jacob and Otte, 2003; Wright and Otte, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bioavailability and mobility of chemical elements are influenced by changes in soil properties surrounding living plant roots including pH, organic content, cation exchange capacity, redox potential (Eh), moisture status and temperature (Alloway, 1995; Davies, 1994; Jacob and Otte, 2003). Plant roots influence the environment directly adjacent to them in order to obtain access to nutrients, in particular the essential macro- and micro-nutrients (Inderjit and Weston, 2003; Jungk, 2002; Marschner et al, 1986; Mehra and Farago, 1994; Neumann and Romheld, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-element accumulation near Rumex crispus roots under wetland and dryland conditions

Kissoon

Jacob

Otte

2010

Environmental Pollution

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Rumex crispus was grown under wet and dry conditions in two-chamber columns such that the roots were confined to one chamber by a 21 μm nylon mesh, thus creating a soil–root interface (‘rhizoplane’). Element concentrations at 3 mm intervals below the ‘rhizoplane’ were measured. The hypothesis was that metals accumulate near plant roots more under wetland than dryland conditions. Patterns in element distribution were different between the treatments. Under dryland conditions Al, Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, La, Mg, Na, Sr, V, Y and Zn accumulated in soil closest to the roots, above the ‘rhizoplane’ only. Under wetland conditions Al, Fe, Cr, K, V and Zn accumulated above as well as 3 mm below the ‘rhizoplane’ whereas La, Sr and Y accumulated 3 mm below the ‘rhizoplane’ only. Plants on average produced 1.5 times more biomass and element uptake was 2.5 times greater under wetland compared to dryland conditions.

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Soil Chemistry and Bioavailability with Special Reference to Trace Elements

Cited by 11 publications

References 75 publications

Cereal landraces for sustainable agriculture. A review

Cereal landraces for sustainable agriculture. A review

Multi-Elements in Waters and Sediments of Shallow Lakes: Relationships with Water, Sediment, and Watershed Characteristics

Multi-element accumulation near Rumex crispus roots under wetland and dryland conditions

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