Soil enzyme activities following paper sludge addition in a winter cabbage-sweet corn rotation

Baziramakenga, R., Simard, R. R. and Lalande, R. 2001. Effect of de-inking paper sludge compost application on soil chemical and biological properties. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 561-575. A 2-yr field study evaluated the effect of applying compost of deinking paper residues and poultry manure (DSPC) on the chemical and biological properties of Tilly silt loam (Gleyed Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Sainte-Croix de Lotbinière, Québec, Canada. The experiment began in 1996 with snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Centralia') and continued in 1997 on the same plots with potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Gold Rush'). In 1996, treatments included three rates of mineral fertilizer (MF) (60, 120 and 180 kg P 2 O 5 -K 2 O ha -1 ), three rates of DSPC (14, 28 and 42 Mg ha -1 on a dry matter basis) alone or in combination with MF, and an untreated control. In the spring of 1997, main plots were divided into four subplots and P fertilizer was applied at 0, 44, 88 and 132 kg ha -1 . The DSPC increased soil pH and water content. Soil inorganic N increased just after DSPC application, but this effect lasted only 1 yr. Soil Mehlich-3 extractable P showed a significant increase due to DSPC application and the increase was much larger when DSPC was applied in combination with P fertilizer. Soil phosphatase and urease activities were also increased by DSPC. Application of DSPC increased soil Mehlich-3 extractable K and Mg contents. Except for Mn and Zn, soil Mehlich-3 extractable heavy metal contents were not influenced by DSPC. This experiment indicates that compost derived from a mixture of de-inking papermill sludges and poultry manure is a potential source of nutrients for crops and can effectively improve chemical and biological properties of low fertility or degraded soils.

Section: Soil Enzyme Activitiessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Kannan and Oblisami (1990) observed an increase in many enzyme activities after several years' application of raw paper mill effluents. Recently Simard et al (1998a) and Gagnon et al (2000) showed that addition of combined primary and secondary de-inking sludges improved soil enzyme activities, but that rates in excess of 32 Mg ha -1 may be detrimental.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of de-inking paper sludge compost application on soil chemical and biological properties

Baziramakenga¹,

Lalande²,

Lalande³

2001

“…This amount of PS contained 111.6 kg total N. Thus, 1997 PS total N-fertiliser efficiency was estimated to be equivalent to 134%, indicating a very important residual effect of the PS added N in 1996 on the corn yield in 1997. In this study, non-nutritional effects through improvement of water availability, may have improved soil physical properties and microbial activity which in turn may also have contributed to the high fertiliser efficiency (Trepanier et al 1996;Simard et al 1998b;Chantigny et al 1999;Gagnon et al 2000).…”

Section: Sweet Corn Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our objective was to determine, under field conditions, the effect of two yearly applications of combined PS on crop yield and N uptake, and to evaluate N fertiliser equivalence and N residual effects of PS. The impact of PS on soil enzyme activities was recently reported (Gagnon et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined primary/secondary papermill sludge as a nitrogen source in a cabbage-sweet corn cropping sequence

Simard¹

2001

Simard, R. R. 2001. Combined primary/secondary papermill sludge as a nitrogen source in a cabbage-sweet corn cropping sequence. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 1-10. Combined primary/secondary papermill sludge (PS) is rich in N and may potentially be used as a N source for horticultural crops. A 3-yr experiment was conducted to determine the effects of PS application on crop yields, N uptake and N recovery. The PS was applied in 1996 on a Bedford silty clay (Humic Gleysol) cropped to winter cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata L. 'Bartolo') at 0, 8, 16, 32, and 64 Mg ha -1 (dry basis). In 1997, PS was applied at 44% of the 1996 rates to the same plots and cropped to sweet corn (Zea mays L. 'Delectable'). No PS was applied in 1998 to evaluate residual effects on corn. Treatments with ammonium nitrate (AN) at 50, 100 and 200% of N fertiliser recommendations were included each year as a reference for crop response. The PS had a C:N ratio of 42:1 in 1996 and of 28:1 in 1997. About 29% of the total N in PS was inorganic. Cabbage and corn marketable yields and N uptake increased with increasing amounts of PS applied. AN supplemented with PS further increased cabbage yields. Based on the N fertiliser replacement value, the N efficiency coefficient of PS was 44% in the first year. A N residual effect of the PS applied in 1996 was observed on the corn yield in 1997. The two PS applications also had a very significant residual effect on corn yield in the third year, although supplemental AN at 150 kg N ha -1 tended to further increase yields. The apparent total N recovery by the three crops was similar for PS and AN (i.e., 34 vs. 38%). The apparent recovery of organic N from PS decreased with increasing rates of application from 46 to 25%. These results suggest that PS is an effective source of N for crops and that significant residual N effects should be considered when estimating the N needs of subsequent crops. Le supplément en AN aux PS a augmenté encore plus le rendement du chou. Sur base de la valeur de remplacement en engrais N, le coefficient d'efficacité du N des PS a été de 44 % la première année. Un arrière-effet d'azote très important des PS appliquées en 1996 a été observé en 1997 sur le rendement de maïs. Les deux apports de PS ont eu un effet résiduel très significatif sur les rendements de maïs la troisième année quoique le supplément minéral était nécessaire. La récupération du N par les récoltes était comparable pour les PS et l'AN (ex. 34 vs 38 %). Le coefficient estimé de la minéralisation du N organique des PS a baissé avec les doses d'apport de PS de 46 à 25 %. Ces résultats suggèrent que les PS sont une source efficace de N pour les cultures et que des effets résiduels très importants en N disponible devraient être pris en compte dans les années suivant les apports.

“…(1 annually, to avoid soil quality degradation through acidification, excess accumulation of major nutrients and metals, and reduced soil enzymatic activity (as compared with lower rates of sludge application) (Gagnon et al 2000Gagnon and Ziadi 2004). Increased leaching of nitrate and phosphate from excess sludge application may, in turn, lead to groundwater contamination (Gagnon and Ziadi 2004).…”

Section: Use Of Legumes Composts and Industrial Residues In Agricultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating knowledge of nutrient forms and dynamics into improved nutrient management practices: Atribute to Régis Simard

Grant¹,

Ziadi²,

Gagnon³

et al. 2009

Régis Simard and his colleagues developed a research program focussing on the agronomic and environmental impacts of nutrients in agricultural systems. The success of this program resulted from an integrated approach, linking assessment of nutrient availability to an understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil, and applying this understanding to development of improved management practices for a variety of nutrient sources. Research into nutrient availability conducted by Régis and his co-workers led to improvements in quantification of nutrient supply, using traditional soil analysis with batch chemical extraction as well as ionic exchange membranes (IEMs) and electro-ultrafiltration (EUF). Ion exchange membranes are now used as a tool in routine soil fertility assessments and in agronomic and environmental research to study nutrient ion release rates. Additionally, intensive analytical techniques, such as sequential extraction and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) were developed and used to characterize the forms and relative availability of soil nutrients for plant uptake or environmental effects. Characterization of nutrient pools improved understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil, allowing a more accurate assessment of the agronomic value and environmental risk of nutrients applied to agricultural systems. Building on this knowledge, Régis and his colleagues developed improved methods of utilizing manures, composts, paper mill sludge (PMS) and liming by-products, effectively diverting nutrients from the waste stream into a resource for crop production. This paper describes the contributions of Régis and his colleagues to the improvement of agronomically and environmentally sustainable nutrient management practices, based on an integrated research approach that provided a clear understanding nutrient availability and soil nutrient dynamics. Key words: Chemical extraction, integrated nutrient management, ion exchange membranes, paper mill sludge, soil phosphorus, soil potassium