Soil fertility management for reclamation of Imperata grasslands by smallholder agroforestry

Santoso, Djoko; Adiningsih, S.; Mutert, E.; Fairhurst, T.; Noordwijk, Meine van

doi:10.1007/bf00142873

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Specifically for Sumatra, van Noordwijk et al (1997) found effects similar to those of Don et al (2011), except for lower C org losses in conversion to cropland, potentially because permanently cropped upland soils are relatively scarce in Sumatra where intensification of shifting cultivation has generally moved toward permanent tree crops (van Noordwijk et al, 2008). Imperata grasslands and areas formerly used for shifting cultivation may not have substantially lower C org than forests (Santoso et al, 1997). Soil C stock in tree plantations were reported to be 0-40% less than stocks in swidden cultivation, with the largest losses found in mechanically-established oil palm plantations (Bruun et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon neutral? No change in mineral soil carbon stock under oil palm plantations derived from forest or non-forest in Indonesia

Khasanah

Noordwijk

Ningsih³

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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A B S T R A C TSustainability criteria for palm oil production guide new planting toward non-forest land cover on mineral soil, avoiding carbon debts caused by forest and peat conversion. Effects on soil carbon stock (soil C stock ) of land use change trajectories from forest and non-forest to oil palm on mineral soils include initial decline and subsequent recovery, however modeling efforts and life-cycle accounting are constrained by lack of comprehensive data sets; only few case studies underpin current debate. We analyzed soil C stock (Mg ha À1 ), soil bulk density (BD, g cm À3 ) and soil organic carbon concentration (C org , %) from 155 plots in 20 oil palm plantations across the major production areas of Indonesia, identifying trends during a production cycle on 6 plantations with sufficient spread in plot age. Plots were sampled in four management zones: weeded circle (WC), interrow (IR), frond stacks (FS), and harvest paths (HP); three depth intervals 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm were sampled in each zone. Compared to the initial condition, increases in C org (16.2%) and reduction in BD (8.9%) in the FS zone, was compensated by decrease in C org (21.4%) and increase in BD (6.6%) in the HP zone, with intermediate results elsewhere. For a weighted average of the four management zones and after correction for equal mineral soil basis, the net temporal trend in soil C stock in the top 30 cm of soil across all data was not significantly different from zero in both forest-and non-forest-derived oil palm plantations. Individual plantations experienced net decline, net increase or U-shaped trajectories. The 2% difference in mean soil C stock in forest and nonforest derived oil palm plantations was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Unless soil management changes strongly from current practice, it is appropriate for C footprint calculations to assume soil C stock neutrality on mineral soils used for oil palm cultivation. 2015 Z. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon neutral? No change in mineral soil carbon stock under oil palm plantations derived from forest or non-forest in Indonesia

Khasanah

Noordwijk

Ningsih³

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…Grasses such as Cynodon dactylon, Sporobolus arabicus, Imperata cylindrica and Aeluropus lagopoides dominate the saline or saline arid habitats of the Salt Range (Chaudhry et al 2001) and are thus presumed to be well adapted to high salinity. One of these grasses, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel, was used in the present study to determine its anatomical adaptations to salinity stress, because this grass is capable of tolerating drought and salt (Matumura and Nakajima 1988;Santoso et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical adaptations to salinity in cogon grass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel] from the Salt Range, Pakistan

2009

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To examine anatomical adaptations in a potential forage grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel, a population was collected from the natural salt-affected soils of the Salt Range, Pakistan. Using a hydroponic system, the degree of salt tolerance in terms of structural modifications in the Salt Range ecotype was compared with that in an ecotype collected from a normal non-saline habitat of the Faisalabad region. The Salt Range ecotype was superior to the Faisalabad ecotype in biomass production under saline conditions. High salt tolerance of the Salt Range ecotype was associated with increased succulence in root and leaf (mainly midrib), formation of aerenchyma in leaf sheath, increased vascular bundle area, metaxylem area and phloem area, highly developed bulliform cells on leaves and increased sclerification in root and leaf. Furthermore, both stomatal density and stomatal area were considerably reduced under high salinities in the Salt Range ecotype.

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“…They reported the area of Imperata grasslands in Malaysia as small, at no more than 2,000 km 2 , and the largest contiguous block of this grassland was reported to be in northwest Sabah but much of this may now have been reforested with Acacia mangium for timber and pulp production. Imperata lands may have soil fertility constraints (low phosphorus and nitrogen content), but by and large are suitable in terms of topography and climate for tree crops such as the oil palm (Santoso et al 1997). Because the presence of the flammable Imperata grass can pose a fire risk as well as impede the growth of oil palms (Chikoye 2003), these lands must first be rehabilitated by weeding out the grass using herbicide or manual labour and fertilising the soil if necessary (Santoso et al 1997, p. 198).…”

Section: Concentratedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The orangutan–oil palm conflict: economic constraints and opportunities for conservation

Nantha

Tisdell

2008

Biodivers Conserv

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The future of the orangutan (Pongo spp.) is far from secure despite the species' high profile and media attention. The traditional threat to the orangutan has been widespread logging, but the continuing conversion of remaining habitat for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation is hastening its extinction in the wild. This situation is driven by a robust global market for palm oil as a vegetable oil and biofuel. In tackling this conservation problem, therefore, economic factors cannot be overlooked. This article analyses these factors and how they curtail effective orangutan conservation. Of significance are the high opportunity costs of orangutan conservation and market failures associated with the public-goods nature of the orangutan's forest habitat. Conservationists should consider these constraints when formulating remedial action. This article assesses strategies that reduce the opportunity cost of conserving habitat (via supply-side approaches that divert oil palm cultivation away from forests) and enhance the realisable value of orangutan habitat (by capitalising on the demand for non-market values such as carbon storage). It is concluded that the former group of strategies are likely to have limited effect on curtailing deforestation, but with the right institutional policies in place they can act as stopgaps while strategies involving carbon financing and payments for biodiversity develop sufficiently to render habitat retention financially competitive.

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Soil fertility management for reclamation of Imperata grasslands by smallholder agroforestry

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Carbon neutral? No change in mineral soil carbon stock under oil palm plantations derived from forest or non-forest in Indonesia

Carbon neutral? No change in mineral soil carbon stock under oil palm plantations derived from forest or non-forest in Indonesia

Anatomical adaptations to salinity in cogon grass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel] from the Salt Range, Pakistan

The orangutan–oil palm conflict: economic constraints and opportunities for conservation

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