Soil fungal networks maintain local dominance of ectomycorrhizal trees

Liang, Minxia; Johnson, David; Burslem, David F. R. P.; Yu, Shixiao; Miao, Fei; Taylor, Joe D.; Taylor, Andy F. S.; Helgason, Thorunn; Liu, Xubing

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16507-y

Cited by 122 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As predicted, AM tree species showed a stronger CNDD effect than did ECM tree species across these temperate forests. This result is partly in line with a recent plant-soil feedback experiment that finds ECM tree species show positive feedback and AM tree species negative feedback (Bennett et al 2017), and the findings from natural forests that CNDD of AM tree species is stronger than ECM tree species (Chen et al 2019, Jiang et al 2020, Liang et al 2020. However, our study provided evidence that this pattern might be generalizable across temperate forests at a broad spatial scale.…”

Section: Different Cndd Strength Between Am and Ecm Tree Speciessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although the colonization of AM fungi can diminish the CNDD on tree performance (Liang et al 2015), the positive effect is more prominent for ECM compared to AM fungi. Supporting this hypothesis, recent studies found that using fungicide and removing fungal hyphae showed a stronger negative influence on the growth and survival of ECM than AM tree species (Jia et al 2020, Liang et al 2020). Multiple factors can contribute to the weaker CNDD of ECM tree species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Mycorrhizal type influences plant density dependence and species richness across 15 temperate forests

Jiang

Lutz

Guo

et al. 2021

Ecology

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Recent studies suggest that the mycorrhizal type associated with tree species is an important trait influencing ecological processes such as response to environmental conditions and conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). However, we lack a general understanding of how tree mycorrhizal type influences CNDD strength and the resulting patterns of species abundance and richness at larger spatial scales. We assessed 305 species across 15 large, stem‐mapped, temperate forest dynamics plots in Northeastern China and North America to explore the relationships between tree mycorrhizal type and CNDD, species abundance, and species richness at a regional scale. Tree species associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi showed a stronger CNDD and a more positive relationship with species abundance than did tree species associated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. For each plot, both basal area and stem abundance of AM tree species was lower than that of ECM tree species, suggesting that AM tree species were rarer than ECM tree species. Finally, ECM tree dominance showed a negative effect on plant richness across plots. These results provide evidence that tree mycorrhizal type plays an important role in influencing CNDD and species richness, highlighting this trait as an important factor in structuring plant communities in temperate forests.

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Section: Different Cndd Strength Between Am and Ecm Tree Speciessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mycorrhizal type influences plant density dependence and species richness across 15 temperate forests

Jiang

Lutz

Guo

et al. 2021

Ecology

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“…The four heterospecifics represent common ectomycorrhizal trees that co‐occur with Q. rubra in this area. Tree species that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi typically exhibit weaker CNDD (Brown et al 2019, Jiang et al 2020) or sometimes exhibit positive effects on their nearby seedlings by sharing a common mycelial network (Teste et al 2009, Liang et al 2020). Additionally, the strength and direction of feedbacks for an individual species can differ depending on whether the heterospecifics are of the same or different mycorrhizal type (Kadowaki et al 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, seedlings typically exhibit greater overall mortality (Walters and Reich 1996) and stronger effects of CNDD (McCarthy‐Neumann and Ibáñez 2013) in low light conditions. Recently, studies have suggested that the response of seedlings to density‐dependent effects may also depend on the type of mycorrhizal fungi with which they associate, as ectomycorrhizal species typically exhibit less negative, or even positive, effects from neighboring conspecifics (Bennett et al 2017, Kadowaki et al 2018, Jiang et al 2020, Liang et al 2020). Seedling size may also play a role: Smaller seedlings are likely younger, and seedlings are most vulnerable to herbivory and infection from pathogens in their earliest stages of development (Kitajima and Fenner 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling survival declines with increasing conspecific density in a common temperate tree

Jevon¹,

Record²,

Grady

et al. 2020

Ecosphere

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Feedbacks between plants and their soil microbial communities often drive negative density dependence in rare, tropical tree species, but their importance to common, temperate trees remains unclear. Additionally, whether negative density dependence is driven by natural enemies (e.g., soil pathogens) or by high densities of seedlings has rarely been assessed. Density dependence may also depend on seedling size, as smaller and/or younger seedlings may be more susceptible to mortality agents. We monitored seedlings of Quercus rubra, a common, canopy-dominant temperate tree, to investigate how the density of neighboring adults and seedlings influenced their survival over two years. We assessed how the soil microbial community influenced seedling survival by growing seedlings in a glasshouse inoculated with soil collected from beneath conspecific and heterospecific mature trees. In the field, seedling survival was lower in areas with high densities of mature conspecifics but was unrelated to either conspecific or heterospecific seedling density. Smaller seedlings were also more sensitive than larger seedlings to neighboring adult conspecifics. In the glasshouse, seedlings grown with soil from beneath a conspecific adult had a higher mortality rate than seedlings grown with soil from beneath heterospecific adults or sterilized soil, suggesting that soil microbial communities drive the patterns of mortality in the field. These results illustrate the importance of negative density-dependent feedbacks resulting from the soil microbial community in a common and ecologically important temperate tree species.

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“…Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can also protect their hosts from pathogens and are thought to provide better protection against pathogens than AM fungi because of the sheath, hyphal network, and antimicrobial substances associated with ECM fungi (Garrett 1956;Marx 1972;Stack 1975;Duchesne et al 1989). Evidence has been accumulating to suggest that ECM fungal protection against soil-borne pathogens can be a major mechanism behind more positive plant-soil feedbacks among ECM driving mono-specific stands of ECM compared to AM species (Connell & Lowman 1989;Laliberte et al 2015;Liang et al 2020). These findings suggest that ECM invasive plants may be less susceptible to pathogens than AM or non-mycorrhizal invaders, provided they encounter compatible ECM fungi.…”

Section: Root Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of non-native invasive plants to novel pathogen attack -- do plant traits matter?

Fahey¹,

Koyama²,

Antunes³

2020

Preprint

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1. Invasive plants are considered major threats to biodiversity globally; however, our understanding of the long-term dynamics of invasion remains limited. 2. Over time, invasive plants can accumulate pathogens capable of causing population declines because invaders have a greater chance of encountering such pathogens as they spread and native pathogens adapt to use invasive plants as a resource over time. However, reports typically focus on individual species and ecologists lack a synthesis approach capable of predicting pathogen susceptibility in plant invaders. 3. Pathogen resistance and tolerance are tightly coupled to plant traits, which we suggest can provide a framework for understanding and predicting novel pathogen accumulation. 4. We reviewed the literature to synthesize plant traits associated with pathogen susceptibility and to determine the prevalence of novel pathogen accumulation on invasive plants. We then used these data and applied a multivariate model to associate plant traits with pathogen effects to predict pathogen susceptibility of invasive plants. Finally, we provide directions for future research. 5. Considering the emergence of trait-based approaches, comprehensive databases, and new data on individual invasions, advances in our understanding of invasive plant-pathogen interactions can lead to breakthroughs both at fundamental and management decision-making levels.

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Soil fungal networks maintain local dominance of ectomycorrhizal trees

Cited by 122 publications

References 47 publications

Mycorrhizal type influences plant density dependence and species richness across 15 temperate forests

Mycorrhizal type influences plant density dependence and species richness across 15 temperate forests

Seedling survival declines with increasing conspecific density in a common temperate tree

Susceptibility of non-native invasive plants to novel pathogen attack -- do plant traits matter?

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