Soil Microbial Contamination And Its Impact On Child Diarrheal Disease Incidence In Ulaanbaatar

Abstract

Air and soil contamination in developing countries exacerbates due to poor management of waste collection and serves as a morbidity and mortality factor. This study aimed to conduct an assessment of soil pollution level in Ulaanbaatar and establish а correlation between microbial contamination and registered occurrences of contagious diarrheal diseases among children (0-5 years old). This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Ulaanbaatar in June-September of 2016. Samples of soil and contagious diarrheal disease morbidity data in 0-5-year-old children were used. Samples were taken from the sites three times, in July, August, and September. The data analysis was done in the SPSS-21 program and relevant parametric and non-parametric tests were used. The highest level microorganisms were found in the samples taken from sites near major markets and then in the samples from ger areas. The analysis of the samples revealed that 111.78 microorganisms exceed the standard level 1.1 times in summer. The Escherichia coli (E.Coli) and Proteus also contaminated the ground water. All diarrhea occasions in Ulaanbaatar were analyzed by seasons and months, the prevalence was peaking in August. A correlation was found with the soil E.Coli titers and infectious diarrheal disease children under five years old morbidity. The number of microorganisms in soil tends to increase in summer. Diarrheal disease infections among children under five increase most in summer and autumn and correlate with soil contamination with pathogenic microorganisms.

Detection of heavy metal elements by using advanced optical techniques

“…Organic pollutant contamination: Agricultural activities can introduce organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into the soil, which can be toxic and persistent [20]. Microbial pollution: Soil can become contaminated with pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites from agricultural activities, which can pose a risk to human and animal health [21], [22]. Heavy metals are a type of environmental pollutant that can enter the environment through various industrial and agricultural activities such as the disposal of solid waste, application of fertilizers and pesticides, irrigation with wastewater, and the release of urban and industrial wastes and automobile exhausts [1], [4], [23]- [26].…”

Hygienic Condition of Different Water Sources in the Kharaa River Basin, Mongolia in the Light of a Rapid Warming Trend

“…Hygienic risks are even greater when private wells are used for abstracting shallow groundwater, as is often the case in so-called "ger" areas (peri-urban settlement areas dominated by small houses and "gers", i.e., traditional Mongolian felt tents) located in floodplains [7,8]. There is not only a considerable likelihood of wells being contaminated from nearby unsealed pit latrines and animal excreta but also very little monitoring of such water sources [7][8][9]. It should be also noted that in most parts of Mongolia, facilities and experienced staff for detecting water-borne pathogens or water-induced infections are lacking [7], which is likely to lead to an underestimation of actual risks.…”