Soil nitrate accumulation and leaching to groundwater during the entire vegetable phase following conversion from paddy rice

Wang, Ying; Li, Kunzhi; Tanaka, Takashi; Yang, Dan; Inamura, Tastuya

doi:10.1007/s10705-016-9807-9

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…All soil samples in our study area exceeded this value. Nitrate levels in surface soil were input to a regression equation between groundwater and soil nitrate suggested by Wang et al 9 . As a result, the estimated nitrate (NO 3 –N) level in groundwater is in the range from 1.32 to 5.28 mg L −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned above, the area close to the LWDS is expected to constitute a main pollution source. In order to evaluate a potential risk of nitrate pollution in groundwater from soil, nitrate concentrations in soil were converted to groundwater nitrate concentrations using a following regression equation suggested by Wang et al 9 : where N g is nitrate concentration (mg L −1 ) in groundwater, and N s is nitrate concentration (mg kg −1 ) in soil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the understanding of the fate and transport of nitrate and possible remediation measures, research is needed on new methods to distinguish different spatiotemporal nitrate sources to soil and groundwater. Many studies have focused on nitrate contents in groundwater 2 – 8 and soil 5 , 6 , 9 – 13 . Modeling studies indicate that groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution can be explained by a complex set of different hydrogeologic variables such as depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer and soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area

Nakagawa

Amano

Persson

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious problem in many parts of the world. However, due to the diffuse and common spatially over-lapping character of potential several non-point pollution sources, it is often difficult to distinguish main nitrate sources responsible for the pollution. For this purpose, we present a novel methodology applied to groundwater for an intensely polluted area. Groundwater samples were collected monthly from April 2017 to March 2018 in Shimabara City, Nagasaki, Japan. Soil samples were collected seasonally at soil surface and 50 cm depth at 10 locations during the same period. Sequential extraction by water and extract agents was performed using calcium phosphate for anions and strontium chloride for cations. Mean nitrate concentration in groundwater close to a livestock waste disposal site (hereinafter called “LWDS”) was 14.2 mg L−1, which is exceeding Japanese drinking water standards (10 mg L−1). We used coprostanol concentration, which is a fecal pollution indicator, to identify pollution sources related to livestock waste. For this purpose, we measured coprostanol (5β) and cholestanol (5α) and then calculated the sterol ratio (5β/(5β + 5α)). The ratios for three groundwater sampling sites were 0.28, 0.26, and 0.10, respectively. The sterol ratios indicated no pollution (< 0.3). However, the detection of coprostanol originating from animal and human waste showed that groundwater was clearly affected by this pollution source. Nitrate levels in the soil were relatively high in samples collected close to the LWDS and coprostanol contents were affected by livestock waste. Soil and groundwater nitrate concentrations displayed a complex but strong relationship. Nitrate contents were shown to be transported downstream from source areas in both soil and groundwater.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area

Nakagawa

Amano

Persson

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Total N losses vary from region to region depending on fertilizer type [5], fertilizer dose [6], soil characteristics [7], water content availability [8], climate [9], and management practices [10]. In any agricultural region, management practices cover seedbed preparation, time of plantation, fertilization, harvest, irrigation, vegetation type and rotation, and protected or non-protected agricultural practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Effects on Mineral Nitrogen Leaching, Moisture Content, and Evapotranspiration after 15N Urea Fertilization for Vegetable Crop

Ahmed

Mao

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Globally, mineral nitrogen (N) losses as nitrate leaching (NL) are a substantial portion of applied fertilizer and cause surface and sub-surface water contamination. To precisely measure NL and its interlink parameters, biochar soil amendment was tested in this study. Three treatments—biochar (BC), without biochar (WB) with 15N urea (300 kg/ha), and control (no fertilization)—were tested in soil-filled lysimeters (circular PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) tank of 30 cm diameter and 35 cm height) equipped with moisture content sensors and weighing assembly for the consecutive two cropping of Brassica Camprestis Var. Chinensis. The 15N-urea in the first season and the poultry manure in the second season were applied, but the fate of the 15N was examined in leachate, dry matter, and soil. As compared to WB, BC significantly decreased mineral N leaching, including nitrate levels (35%), increased electrical conductivity (68.5%), and water availability (20% inches per foot), while there was a non-significant increase in biomass per plant (2.84%), evapotranspiration (8.33%), dry matter (6.89%), and a decrease in mean leachate volume (7.63%). Moreover, BC accumulated values were higher than WB, as N uptake (38%), water use efficiency (12.24%), maximum fresh weight (11.4%), and soil N retained (185%) after cropping. The soil pH, the bulk density, and the total nitrogen were changed but presented non-significant differences. Therefore, biochar can increase soil N retention and available water to improve water use efficiency and decrease potential N leaching.

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“…Accumulation to high level of nitrate in soils may be caused by excessive applications of nitrogen fertilizers, in either urine or nitrate form, and even in organic forms. Nitrate at high concentration causes soil salinity shown by high soil EC and many other problems in crop production, especially in soil-based greenhouses [12][13][14] . In the extreme case in China, 15 tons of chemical fertilizers and 30 m 3 of compost are applied to 1 ha of soil-based greenhouse land to ensure the highest yield of vegetable through the whole year [13,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic adjustment and up-regulation expression of stress-responsive genes in tomato induced by soil salinity resulted from nitrate fertilization

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Concerns about the soil salinity caused by excessive fertilization have prompted scientists to clarify the detailed mechanisms and find techniques to alleviate the damage caused by this kind of soil salinity. Aims of this study were to elucidate the effect of soil salinity caused by nitrate fertilization and the differences in salinity effect between nitrate salts and NaCl salt with analyses at various levels of crop physiology and molecular biology. A microbial inoculation was also tried to verify whether it could alleviate the salinity-induced loss and damages. In three experiments (Exp I, II and III), nitrate salts (NS) of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and KNO 3 were applied to potted tomato plants to simulate the soil salinity caused by fertilization and a microbial inoculant (MI) was applied. Photosynthesis was measured using Li-6400. Osmotic adjustment was analyzed using the mathematically modeled pressure-volume curve; O 2 concentration and activity of SOD and nitrate reductase were measured.Expression of nitrate reductase gene and the stress-responsive gene DREB2 was analyzed using the real-time PCR method. In Exp I and II, where the applied NS amount was moderate, NS application at low concentration induced increases in O 2 and MDA concentrations and plants acclimated to the soil salinity as the treatment prolonged for weeks. The acclimation was contributed by osmotic adjustment, activation of SOD and re-compartmentation of cell water between symplasm and apoplasm. These adjustments might be ultimately attributed to up-regulation of stress-responsive genes such as DREB2 as well as the nitrate reductase (NR) gene. However, in Exp III, applications of NaCl and NS at high concentration could not show positive effects as NS did. Application of MI synergistically increased the xerophytophysiological regulation caused by NS and alleviated the salinity damage in addition to its own positive effects on the tomato plants. Different from NaCl, nitrate salts at low application rate increased the total biomass and fruit yield of tomato and induced up-regulation expression of stress-responsive genes and the consequent active osmotic adjustment. However, nitrate application at high level negatively affected tomato plants irrespective of the gene up-regulations. Application of MI alleviated the salinity damage and synergistically increased the xerophytophysiological regulation caused by the soil salinity in addition to its positive effects on the tomato crop but the detailed mechanisms needed to be clarified in future further studies.

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Soil nitrate accumulation and leaching to groundwater during the entire vegetable phase following conversion from paddy rice

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area

Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area

Biochar Effects on Mineral Nitrogen Leaching, Moisture Content, and Evapotranspiration after 15N Urea Fertilization for Vegetable Crop

Osmotic adjustment and up-regulation expression of stress-responsive genes in tomato induced by soil salinity resulted from nitrate fertilization

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