Soil nitrogen utilisation for growth and gas exchange by grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock

Keller, Markus; Kummer, Markus; Vasconcelos, Maria Viviane Lisboa de

doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2001.tb00187.x

Cited by 88 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The action of N, P and K increased the thickness of canes which could be attributed to their effect on accumulation of carbohydrates and protein as well as on their role in the formation of cellulose and lignin [34]. Also, increasing rate of N considerably increased cane thickness of 'Red Roomy' grapevine [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on productivity and fruit quality of ‘crimson seedless’ grape

EL-Razek¹,

Treutter²

2011

ABJNA

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The effect of the nutritional status of grapevine 'Crimson Seedless' on growth, fruit set and quality was studied in two growing periods. The vines were treated with three nitrogen rates (24, 36, 48 kg/ha.) combined with three potassium levels (240, 285, 330 kg/ha). Increasing N supply enhanced N-concentrations in the petioles. N-fertilization also increased K concentrations in the petioles. The K-fertilization variants themselves did not alter the K content of the petioles. High Nfertilization improved vegetative growth (leaf area, cane diameter) and reduced bud burst, bud fertility and fruitfulness. Excessive N-supply negatively affected yield per vine by reducing the number of fruit clusters. Cluster size, however, was improved with increasing N-nutrition whereas the number of berries per cluster and the cluster compactness remained unchanged. The single berries were bigger (size, weight) and their shape remained typically for the cv. The amount of juice per berry increased and fruit firmness decreased in the high N-variants. The only effect of high K fertilization was an increase of total soluble solids and a decrease of acid concentration. Anthocyanin contents generally showed a high variability in the experiment. Therefore, the color of berries might be more regulated by the ripening process than by the fertilizer treatments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on productivity and fruit quality of ‘crimson seedless’ grape

EL-Razek¹,

Treutter²

2011

ABJNA

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“…Although the mechanism for grapevine scion vigor controlled by rootstocks is poorly understood, several authors have shown effects on water relations (Souza et al, 2009), gas exchange (Soar et al, 2006), vegetative vigor (Keller et al, 2001), yield and grape quality (Nuzzo and Mathews, 2006). Therefore, the selection of an appropriate rootstock may provide a powerful tool for managing the growth and fruiting of grapevine scions subjected to the double pruning technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grafted onto rootstocks during the autumn-winter season in southeastern Brazilian

Souza¹,

Mota²,

França³

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The change of grape (Vitis vinifera) harvest from summer to winter through double pruning management has improved the fine wine quality in southern Brazil. High altitude, late cultivar and grafting combination all need to be investigated to optimize this new viticulture management. For this purpose, this study was carried out during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons in a high altitude region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using eight grafting combinations for five year old Cabernet Sauvignon vines. The stem water potential, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were not affected by rootstock type. The rootstocks IAC 766 and 101-14 induced, respectively, the highest and lowest vegetative vigor in Cabernet Sauvignon, as shown by leaf area and pruning weight. In the 2011 growing season, the leaf chlorophyll contents were increased in IAC 766, whereas vines grafted onto 101-14 accumulated more leaf starch, probably due to reduced vegetative and reproductive growth. In general, rootstocks K5BB, 1045P, SO4 and IAC 766 had the highest yield as compared to 1103P and 101-14. Berries from the grapevine with the highest yield did not differ in pH, total soluble solids and acidity. The rootstocks did not influence the anthocyanins and total phenols in both growing seasons. Quality parameters were better in the 2011 than in the 2012 growing season due to better climatic conditions, mainly less rainfall. The best performance of Cabernet Sauvignon was achieved when grafted onto K5BB, 1045P, SO4 and IAC 766 rootstocks. Keywords: double pruning, leaf carbohydrates, vegetative vigor, grape composition IntroductionThe southeastern region of Brazil has shown potential for the production of high quality wines during the winter growing season through double pruning management. This technique has improved grape (Vitis vinifera) quality by changing the period of harvest from wet and warm summer to dry and mild autumn -winter . To harvest wine grapes during the autumn -winter, the first pruning takes place in August and the second in January .The first studies carried out in the state of Minas Gerais showed that the ecological conditions of the autumn-winter season, such as low rainfall and high thermal amplitude, are favorable for improving Syrah grape composition from grapevines grown under warm temperate and tropical (Favero et al., 2010) climates in the south and north of the state, respectively. However, double pruning management had not been validated either for high altitude, or for late maturing cultivars, such as Cabernet Sauvignon. Furthermore, the rootstock effects also needed to be investigated to optimize the effects of double pruning management.In viticulture, rootstocks are widely used and make a significant contribution to scion performance under several cultivation conditions. Although the mechanism for grapevine scion vigor controlled by rootstocks is poorly understood, several authors have shown effects on water relations (Souza et al., 2009) ). Therefore, the selection of an appropriate roots...

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“…Rootstocks are also used for their resistance to or tolerance of nematodes, adverse soil conditions such as drought, waterlogging, high or low pH, or salinity, and their ability to influence vine vigor and fruit ripening (Currle et al 1983, Pongrácz 1983, Galet 1998, Whiting 2004. Although the compounds responsible for fruit composition are mostly determined by the genotype of the scion (e.g., Gholami et al 1995), rootstocks may alter fruit composition indirectly by influencing scion vigor, canopy configuration, yield formation, and nutrient uptake (Schumann 1974, Ruhl et al 1988, Keller et al 2001a, 2001b.…”

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Rootstock Effects on Deficit-Irrigated Winegrapes in a Dry Climate: Vigor, Yield Formation, and Fruit Ripening

Keller¹,

Mills²,

Harbertson³

2011

Am. J. Enol. Vitic.

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A rootstock field trial was conducted in the Yakima Valley, southeastern Washington, with three Vitis vinifera cultivars (Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay). Vines were grown on their own roots or field-grafted to the rootstocks 5C, 99R, 140Ru, 1103P, 3309C, and an unnamed rootstock from Cornell University (here termed 101CU) that is a likely sibling or seedling of 101-14 Mgt. Repeated scion dieback due to cold injury to 99R led us to abandon this rootstock. Vine phenology, vigor, water status, yield formation, and fruit ripening and composition were evaluated during three years beginning in the vineyard's ninth year. Own-rooted Merlot and Chardonnay grew more shoots than grafted vines, and 140Ru and 1103P tended to reduce pruning weights. However, 3309C was the rootstock associated with the highest pruning weights in Syrah and the lowest in Chardonnay. Rootstocks usually did not impact vine phenology, fruit set, and plant water status, although there was a trend for stem water potential to be highest with 3309C and lowest with 5C. The rootstock effect on yield formation depended on the scion cultivar, and variations in different yield components often cancelled out each other, but 3309C (Merlot and Syrah), 5C (Merlot and Chardonnay), and own roots (Chardonnay) were often associated with high yields. Nevertheless, the rootstocks had only minor effects on fruit ripening and did not consistently alter soluble solids, TA, K + , or anthocyanin pigments, but the pH was higher in fruit from own-rooted vines compared with grafted Merlot and Chardonnay. Overall, scion effects and differences due to yearly climate variation far outweighed any differences due to rootstock.

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Soil nitrogen utilisation for growth and gas exchange by grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock

Cited by 88 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on productivity and fruit quality of ‘crimson seedless’ grape

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on productivity and fruit quality of ‘crimson seedless’ grape

Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grafted onto rootstocks during the autumn-winter season in southeastern Brazilian

Rootstock Effects on Deficit-Irrigated Winegrapes in a Dry Climate: Vigor, Yield Formation, and Fruit Ripening

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