Soil Preparation and Sampling Techniques for Studying Ion Movement

Khasawneh, F. E.; Soileau, J. M.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300030039x

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The wax columns were prepared using the method as outlined by Akinremi (1990), modified from Khasawneh and Soileau (1969). The wax was closed on the bottom with a set of two pieces of filter paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fulvic acid on the phosphorus availability in acid soil

Yang

Zhang

Cong

et al. 2013

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of fulvic acid (FA) on phosphorus (P) movement and transformation in acid soil. FA at the rate of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g and in combination with 0.19 g KH 2 PO 4 was sprinkled uniformly on the surface of the filter paper on the soil cylinder for 21 days incubation, respectively. The result showed that the pH of soil treated with FA increased from the original value of 5.83 to the highest value of 6.27 in the surface soil layer after 21 days incubation. Due to the application of FA, exchangeable Al concentration evidently decreased in comparison to the only P treatment, which in turn significantly increased available P concentration. FA also increased the movement length of P that reached 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 cm depth for treatments reinforced with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g FA per column, respectively. As FA was added into soil, microbial population, organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) all clearly elevated. It is suggested that P fertilizer and FA are fertilized together may be considered as an optimum choice for the improvement of P availability and soil physicochemical conditions.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fulvic acid on the phosphorus availability in acid soil

Yang

Zhang

Cong

et al. 2013

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Soil columns were prepared using a block of paraffin wax-petroleum jelly mixture having a cylindrical cavity with an internal diameter of 51 mm (Khasawneh and Soileau 1969) and a length of 50 mm. Soil was packed into the cavity at a bulk density of 1.3 Mg m -3 , and wetted to a water content of 25.6 cm 3 cm -3 .…”

Section: Materials and Methods Laboratory Incubation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus diffusion from monocalcium phosphate co-applied with salts in a calcareous soil

Kumaragamage¹,

Akinremi²,

Cho³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. 2004. Phosphorus diffusion from monocalcium phosphate coapplied with salts in a calcareous soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 447-458. Mixing non-phosphatic salts with fertilizer P influences the solubility and mobility of P in soils. Little evidence, however, is available regarding the mechanisms causing such effects. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of mixing fertilizer P with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 or (NH 2 ) 2 CO on the diffusion of P in a calcareous soil (Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem), and to identify the causes for such effects. To the surface of 50-mm-long soil columns, maintained at field capacity water content, 32 P-labelled monocalcium phosphate (MCP) was applied alone or in combination with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 or (NH 2 ) 2 CO. Ratios of applied P:N, P:Mg and P:S were 1:5, 1:4.5 and 1:6, respectively. Extraction and analysis of each 2-mm layer of the columns after incubation for 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk revealed that the addition of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 with MCP significantly increased P diffusion whereas (NH 2 ) 2 CO had little or no effect. The mechanisms of such effects were identified using a multi-ionic, mechanistic, diffusion model. According to model predictions, the dissolution of MCP was increased by more than twofold when mixed with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 , and by 1.2-fold when mixed with urea. The main difference between SO 4 salts and urea in affecting P diffusion was the competition between the anion of the salt and P for precipitation with Ca. Sulphate competed strongly with P, reducing the precipitation of Ca phosphates. Application of urea increased soil pH initially, but eventually soil pH decreased with nitrification of NH 4 . Initial increase in pH to above 8.0 favoured precipitation of Ca phosphate, but the pH was not high enough to favour CaCO 3 precipitation. The application of P fertilizers with fertilizers containing SO 4 could be beneficial in calcareous soils due to enhancement of P solubility and mobility. Mélanger des sels non phosphatés à un engrais phosphaté (P) modifie la solubilité et la mobilité du P dans le sol. Toutefois, on sait peu de choses sur les mécanismes à l'origine de ce phénomène. L'étude devait préciser comment le fait de mélanger un engrais P avec du (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , du MgSO 4 ou du (NH 2 ) 2 CO agit sur la diffusion du P dans un sol calcaire (tchernoziom noir gléyifié Rego) et établir les causes des modifications observées. À cette fin, les auteurs ont appliqué du phosphate monocalcique (PMC) marqué au 32 P avec ou sans (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 ou (NH 2 ) 2 CO au sommet de colonnes de sol de 50 mm de hauteur dont la teneur en eau était maintenue à la capacité maximale du terrain. Les ratios appliqués étaient respectivement de 1:5, 1:4,5 et 1:6 pour P:N, P:Mg et P:S. Après incubation pendant 1, 2, 3 ou 4 semaines, l'extraction et l'analyse de chaque tranche de 2 mm des colonnes révèle que l'addition de (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 et de MgSO 4 au PMC accroît sensiblement la diffusion du P alors que le (NH 2 ) 2 CO n'a pas d'effet sur ce phénom...

show abstract

“…The column was made up of a rectangular block of waxpetroleum jelly mixture, prepared using the method of Khasawneh and Soileau (1969). The column was 10 cm high with a cylindrical cavity of 4.5 cm diameter, which was closed at the bottom with an acrylic plate.…”

Section: Description Of the Resin á Sand Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accompanying cations and anions affect the diffusive transport of phosphate in a model calcareous soil system

Olatuyi¹,

Akinremi²,

Flaten³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. 2009. Accompanying cations and anions affect the diffusive transport of phosphate in a model calcareous soil system. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 179Á188. Mixing non-phosphate salts with phosphate fertilizer modifies the chemical environment of the soil-phosphorus (P) fertilizer reaction zone due to induced changes in soil pH and the interactions of P with soil components and other ions. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of cation and anion interactions on the solubility and diffusive transport of P in columns packed with a mixture of inert quartz sand and Ca 2' -saturated cation exchange resin, buffered with CaCO 3 . The background pH of the resin-sand mixture was 9.4. Three types of cations (K ' , NH 4 ' , and Mg 2' ) were combined with four anions (NO 3 ( , Cl ( , SO 4 2( , and CO 3 2( ) to produce 12 non-phosphate salts. Each of these salts was mixed with 0.4 g of KH 2 PO 4 to provide 408.9 mg P kg(1 soil. The experiment was carried out in three replicates. Following 2 wk of incubation, columns were sectioned at 3-mm intervals and the pH of each section was measured. The samples were extracted with deionized water and subsequently with 1 mol L(1 HCl. Addition of KH 2 PO 4 alone reduced the pH at the surface (first 3-mm section) of the resin-sand column to 7.1, while pH remained unchanged at 9.1 on addition of K 2 CO 3 and KH 2 PO 4. Addition of MgCl 2 and KH 2 PO 4 resulted in the lowest pH in the column and the greatest depth of H ' penetration compared with other treatments. None of the treatments containing NO 3 ( or Cl ( salts enhanced the solubility and movement of P. Addition of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 to KH 2 PO 4 produced the greatest amount of water-extractable P, followed by K 2 SO 4 . The lowest solubility of P occurred on addition of K 2 CO 3 (PB0.05). We attributed the enhanced solubility of P by SO 4 2( and CO 3 2( associated with NH 4 ' to competition between these anions and HPO 4 2( for precipitation with solution Ca 2' . Phosphate ion moved to depths of 5.0, 6.0 and 7.5 cm on addition of K 2 SO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and MgSO 4 to the column, respectively. These results suggested that salts such as K 2 SO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 would enhance the lability of fertilizer P in a calcareous soil system. Me´langer des sels non phosphate´s a`un engrais phosphate´(P) modifie les conditions chimiques dans la zone de re´action entre le sol et l'engrais en raison des changements apporte´s au pH du sol et aux interactions du P avec les composantes du sol ainsi que divers ions. L'e´tude devait pre´ciser l'incidence des interactions entre cations et anions sur la solubilite´et le transport par diffusion du P dans une colonne remplie d'un me´lange de sable quartzeux inerte et d'une re´sine sature´e de cations Ca 2' et tamponne´e avec du CaCO 3 . Le pH du me´lange sable-re´sine e´tait de 9,4. Trois sortes de cations (K ' , NH 4 ' et Mg 2' ) ont e´te´combine´s a`quatre anions (NO 3 ( , Cl ( , SO 4 2( et CO 3 2( ) pour produire 12 sels non phosphate´s. Chaque...

show abstract

Soil Preparation and Sampling Techniques for Studying Ion Movement

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of fulvic acid on the phosphorus availability in acid soil

Effect of fulvic acid on the phosphorus availability in acid soil

Phosphorus diffusion from monocalcium phosphate co-applied with salts in a calcareous soil

Accompanying cations and anions affect the diffusive transport of phosphate in a model calcareous soil system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About