Soil texture moderates root functional traits in agroforestry systems across a climatic gradient

Borden, Kira A.; Anglaaere, Luke C. N.; Owusu, Selina Achiaa; Martin, Adam R.; Buchanan, Serra W.; Addo-Danso, Shalom Daniel; Isaac, Marney E.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.106915

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Specific root respiration was associated with roots expressing higher SRL and N root ( Figure 2A ). This observed root trait covariation support a hypothesized “root economics spectrum” ( Kong et al, 2014 ; Roumet et al, 2016 ; Borden et al, 2020 ) related to the C economy in plants ( Roumet et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…(Figure 2A). This observed root trait covariation support a hypothesized "root economics spectrum" (Kong et al, 2014;Roumet et al, 2016;Borden et al, 2020) related to the C economy in plants (Roumet et al, 2016). Bacteria and fungi abundance in rhizosphere soil were also aligned with root trait covariation, associating with roots of thicker D and lower SRL, and for fungi abundance, roots with thicker D and higher N root (Figure 2B).…”

Section: Soil Respiration Componentsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…After soil was sub-sampled for soil properties, roots were extracted by washing samples over sieves, further cleaned to remove adhering soil particles, and then processed for further analysis. We focused our analysis on absorptive fine roots, which are most responsible for nutrient uptake and have the highest respiration rates (McCormack et al, 2015), and excluded rhizomes collected from grasses and "transport" roots from woody vegetation (see McCormack et al, 2015;Borden et al, 2020). Image analysis of root morphology (total length and average diameter) was measured using WinRhizo 2019a (Reagent Instruments Inc., Canada), and then standardized using the dry weight biomass of root samples after 48 h at 60 • C. Dried root samples were then ground and analyzed for total C and N using an elemental analyzer (CN 628, LECO Instruments, Mississauga, ON, Canada).…”

Section: Root Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Functional Trait and Soil Microbial Coordination: Implications for Soil Respiration in Riparian Agroecosystems

et al. 2021

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Predicting respiration from roots and soil microbes is important in agricultural landscapes where net flux of carbon from the soil to the atmosphere is of large concern. Yet, in riparian agroecosystems that buffer aquatic environments from agricultural fields, little is known on the differential contribution of CO2 sources nor the systematic patterns in root and microbial communities that relate to these emissions. We deployed a field-based root exclusion experiment to measure heterotrophic and autotrophic-rhizospheric respiration across riparian buffer types in an agricultural landscape in southern Ontario, Canada. We paired bi-weekly measurements of in-field CO2 flux with analysis of soil properties and fine root functional traits. We quantified soil microbial community structure using qPCR to estimate bacterial and fungal abundance and characterized microbial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. Mean daytime total soil respiration rates in the growing season were 186.1 ± 26.7, 188.7 ± 23.0, 278.6 ± 30.0, and 503.4 ± 31.3 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1 in remnant coniferous and mixed forest, and rehabilitated forest and grass buffers, respectively. Contributions of autotrophic-rhizospheric respiration to total soil CO2 fluxes ranged widely between 14 and 63% across the buffers. Covariation in root traits aligned roots of higher specific root length and nitrogen content with higher specific root respiration rates, while microbial abundance in rhizosphere soil coorindated with roots that were thicker in diameter and higher in carbon to nitrogen ratio. Variation in autotrophic-rhizospheric respiration on a soil area basis was explained by soil temperature, fine root length density, and covariation in root traits. Heterotrophic respiration was strongly explained by soil moisture, temperature, and soil carbon, while multiple factor analysis revealed a positive correlation with soil microbial diversity. This is a first in-field study to quantify root and soil respiration in relation to trade-offs in root trait expression and to determine interactions between root traits and soil microbial community structure to predict soil respiration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Soil Respiration Componentsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Root Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Functional Trait and Soil Microbial Coordination: Implications for Soil Respiration in Riparian Agroecosystems

et al. 2021

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“…Recent advances and perspectives on belowground functioning of AF systems (Cardinael et al 2020) include, beyond the water and nitrogen cycle, advances on functional trait classifications of roots (Isaac and Borden 2020;Borden et al 2020) and an understanding of how competition with winter crops induces deeper rooting of walnut trees in a Mediterranean alley-cropping AF system (Cardinael et al 2015a, b). Further progress on tree root system is in recognition of the soil binding and soil anchoring functions that together reduce landslide risks on sloping land, subject to high-intensity rainfall events (Hairiah et al 2020a, b).…”

Section: Current State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change adaptation in and through agroforestry: four decades of research initiated by Peter Huxley

Noordwijk

Coe

Sinclair

et al. 2021

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Agroforestry (AF)-based adaptation to global climate change can consist of (1) reversal of negative trends in diverse tree cover as generic portfolio risk management strategy; (2) targeted, strategic, shift in resource capture (e.g. light, water) to adjust to changing conditions (e.g. lower or more variable rainfall, higher temperatures); (3) vegetation-based influences on rainfall patterns; or (4) adaptive, tactical, management of tree-crop interactions based on weather forecasts for the (next) growing season. Forty years ago, a tree physiological research tradition in aboveground and belowground resource capture was established with questions and methods on climate-tree-soil-crop interactions in space and time that are still relevant for today’s challenges. After summarising early research contributions, we review recent literature to assess current levels of uncertainty in climate adaptation assessments in and through AF. Quantification of microclimate within and around tree canopies showed a gap between standard climate station data (designed to avoid tree influences) and the actual climate in which crop and tree meristems or livestock operates in real-world AF. Where global scenario modelling of ‘macroclimate’ change in mean annual rainfall and temperature extrapolates from climate station conditions in past decades, it ignores microclimate effects of trees. There still is a shortage of long-term phenology records to analyse tree biological responses across a wide range of species to climate variability, especially where flowering and pollination matter. Physiological understanding can complement farmer knowledge and help guide policy decisions that allow AF solutions to emerge and tree germplasm to be adjusted for the growing conditions expected over the lifetime of a tree.

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“…Estas fluctuaciones del clima han motivado a los productores a implementar diferentes arreglos agroforestales con el cultivo de cacao [19,20], como una estrategia de adaptación a condiciones subóptimas o adversas en los periodos secos que favorezca la producción del grano, advirtiendo que existe un efecto del tipo de árbol sobre las estrategias de adaptación [21].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Los sistemas agroforestales y la incidencia sobre el estatus hídrico en árboles de cacao

Espinosa

Salazar

Churio

et al. 2020

Biotecnol. sector agropecuario agroind.

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El cacao se cultiva bajo sistemas de producción como los agroforestales y libre exposición solar, su uso depende de las regiones agroecológicas donde se cultiva. El manejo del dosel de sombra incide en las condiciones microclimáticas que beneficia el comportamiento hídrico (flujo de savia Vs y potencial hídrico Ѱ) de la planta de cacao. Se evaluó como la modificación del dosel de sombra (sistemas a libre exposición solar SLE y agroforestales con media MPAR y baja BPAR radiación transmitida) afectan el comportamiento hídrico en árboles de cacao en épocas contrastantes de precipitación. Para medir el Vs y Ѱ se instalaron sensores de calor y psicrómetros de tallo en árboles de cacao tipo CCN51. Se encontró un efecto del sistema de producción y época de monitoreo sobre el Vs y Ѱ en las plantas de cacao. El comportamiento del Ѱ fue mayor en SLE en las dos épocas, pero se acentuó más en la época de mínima precipitación. Se encontró un comportamiento contrario en Vs, donde esta variable fue mayor en BPAR durante la época de mínima precipitación. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos el manejo de doseles de sombra en cultivos de cacao bajo climas subóptimos incide positivamente en el estatus hídrico.

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Soil texture moderates root functional traits in agroforestry systems across a climatic gradient

Cited by 36 publications

References 52 publications

Root Functional Trait and Soil Microbial Coordination: Implications for Soil Respiration in Riparian Agroecosystems

Root Functional Trait and Soil Microbial Coordination: Implications for Soil Respiration in Riparian Agroecosystems

Climate change adaptation in and through agroforestry: four decades of research initiated by Peter Huxley

Los sistemas agroforestales y la incidencia sobre el estatus hídrico en árboles de cacao

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