Sol–gel derived hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium substrates

Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications

“…With further drying and heat treatment, the gel is then converted into dense ceramic or glass materials [411]. The deposited gels create coatings, films and layers, which commonly are put down using dip coating [412][413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427]; however, other deposition techniques such as spraying or spin coating [415,[427][428][429] are used as well (the details of these techniques are given below).…”

Biomedical materials and techniques to improve the tribological, mechanical and biomedical properties of orthopedic implants – A review article

“…In addition, the composite coating of HA and ZrO 2 exhibited higher bonding strength. However, the coatings are found to be worn by abrasion and delamination [98].…”

Microstructure, wear resistance and microhardness of W-particle-strengthened Ti6Al4V composite produced with laser metal deposition

“…Laser surface modification is utilised to improve the surface of a workpiece because it increases the life of the workpiece while reducing the manufacturing cost, 7 and it guarantees the surface hardness. 8 Many surface modifications have been utilised to enhance the wear properties of titanium compounds, with or without success; these include laser and plasma surface treatment, 9 sol-gel processing 10,11 and nitriding. 12 Surface modification using lasers seems, by all accounts, to be of interest in the light of the fact that lasers allow high coherence and accuracy in a specific range without damaging any part of the surface.…”