Sol-Gel Processed Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Etacheri, Vinodkumar

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50144-4_6

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…The next step is the solvent evaporation that results in the formation of a viscous gel by the linking of different metal ions and ligands via hydrogen bridges. Finally, the thermal decomposition of the multimetal ligand gel during the calcination and crystallization step at an elevated temperature leads to highly crystalline particles [9,10].…”

Section: Synthesis 211 Aqueous Solution-gel Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides stoichiometry, the electrochemical performance (including voltage and capacity fade) also strongly depends on the selected LMR-NMC synthesis strategy, which steers the material properties, such as the particle morphology (size and shape), phase purity, crystallinity, and cation disorder [9]. Many synthetic methods have been developed to control and improve the electrochemical performance of the cathode materials incorporated in Li-ion batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the beginning of the discovery of LMR-NMCs, these materials were synthesized through a high-temperature heat treatment that generally leads to excessive particle growth and poor performance. These days, among the various methods, solution-gel (SG) and co-precipitation (CP) routes are commonly applied [9][10][11] to synthesize multimetal oxide cathode materials. Solution-gel methods are very popular due to their ability to achieve good stoichiometry and to mix reactants homogeneously at an atomic level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Synthesis Method on the Local Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Li-Rich/Mn-Rich NMC Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2022

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Electrochemical energy storage plays a vital role in combating global climate change. Nowadays lithium-ion battery technology remains the most prominent technology for rechargeable batteries. A key performance-limiting factor of lithium-ion batteries is the active material of the positive electrode (cathode). Lithium- and manganese-rich nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LMR-NMC) cathode materials for Li-ion batteries are extensively investigated due to their high specific discharge capacities (>280 mAh/g). However, these materials are prone to severe capacity and voltage fade, which deteriorates the electrochemical performance. Capacity and voltage fade are strongly correlated with the particle morphology and nano- and microstructure of LMR-NMCs. By selecting an adequate synthesis strategy, the particle morphology and structure can be controlled, as such steering the electrochemical properties. In this manuscript we comparatively assessed the morphology and nanostructure of LMR-NMC (Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2) prepared via an environmentally friendly aqueous solution-gel and co-precipitation route, respectively. The solution-gel (SG) synthesized material shows a Ni-enriched spinel-type surface layer at the {200} facets, which, based on our post-mortem high-angle annual dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction analysis, could partly explain the retarded voltage fade compared to the co-precipitation (CP) synthesized material. In addition, deviations in voltage fade and capacity fade (the latter being larger for the SG material) could also be correlated with the different particle morphology obtained for both materials.

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Section: Synthesis 211 Aqueous Solution-gel Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Influence of Synthesis Method on the Local Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Li-Rich/Mn-Rich NMC Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2022

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“…To initiate condensation, afterwards, a catalyst (acidic water) is added which initiates the hydrolysis process, and composite gels are produced. 218,219 The sol-gel methodology has been used for the synthesis of GNP-composites having varieties of applications such as: solar cell electrode, 220 Li-ion batteries, 221 sensors, 222 microwave absorption 223 and catalysts etc.. 224 For example, Zeng et al 225 used this method for the preparation of SiO 2 coated GO composites to be used in electrochemical sensing of dopamine. The advantage of the sol-gel method is that it may be used for the formation of transparent and mechanically stable films and other bulky material.…”

Section: Wet Dispersion Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based metal matrix nanocomposites: Recent development and challenges

Ranjan

Bajpai

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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This articles reviews till-date available literature on metal matrix composites reinforced with graphene, CNT and other carbonaceous materials. The article has a special focus on the mechanical, tribological and challenges associated with the fabrication of nanocomposites. Simultaneously, it reviews the synthesis, strengthening mechanism and applications of graphene along with research gap associated with graphene metal matrix nanocomposites (GMMNC). Carbonaceous nanofillers, e.g. Graphene, are known to have extraordinary mechanical, thermal and electrical properties along with multifaceted characteristics. These materials have the potential to become an ideal material in numerous application which requires reinforcement. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) suffers various challenges starting from its synthesis to the uniform distribution within the matrix material. Our concern is to give details on the challenges associated with graphene and metal matrix composites along with the solution so that new research can be done at its ease. Section 1 of the article gives a detailed analysis of various carbonaceous reinforcement materials. Preparation, processing and dispersion technique for graphene and composite material is given in section 2. Section 3 of the article deals with different matrix material used in MMNC along with the properties and challenges associated with it in tabulated form. Strengthening mechanism used for the enhancement of mechanical properties of composites is described in section 4, whereas, Section 5 deals with the applications and Research gap.

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“…15,16 Sol-gel, which is an effective wet chemical process of converting sol (solution) into gel, especially for the synthesis of high surface area materials, drew the attention of the manufacturers due to its feasibility of coating over a larger area, ability to control homogeneity, stoichiometry, and dopant concentration but its sensitivity to the process parameters deterred the industrial scaling. 17 The sol-gel method is widely used in the preparation of LMO and NMC cathodes. 13 The mechanosynthesis process known as ball milling is a top-down approach process that involves grinding the precursor materials until the desired shape and size are attained.…”

Section: Current Status Of Lib and Sib Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective—Application-Driven Industrial-Scale Manufacturing of Li/Na-Ion Battery Cathodes: Current Status and Future Perspective

Karra

Venkatachalam

Duru

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A comprehensive understanding of lithium-ion batteries became an essential aspect of solid-state electrochemical research due to their coalescence with routine. While it exhilarates us with increase in productivity of LIBs due to the emergence of Ni-rich cathode materials, the scope to upscale it according to the industrial needs is yet to be tapped to its full potential. Through this perspective article, the functional differences between LIBs and SIBs, state-of-the-art Single-crystalline NCM cathode, the status of the respective research works, crucial factors for industry scaling of the cathode materials, and the future scope of the research work are elucidated.

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Sol-Gel Processed Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 8 publications

References 277 publications

The Influence of Synthesis Method on the Local Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Li-Rich/Mn-Rich NMC Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

The Influence of Synthesis Method on the Local Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Li-Rich/Mn-Rich NMC Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Graphene-based metal matrix nanocomposites: Recent development and challenges

Perspective—Application-Driven Industrial-Scale Manufacturing of Li/Na-Ion Battery Cathodes: Current Status and Future Perspective

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