Solar Cycle and Long‐Term Trends in the Observed Peak of the Meteor Altitude Distributions by Meteor Radars

Dawkins, E. C. M.; Stober, Gunter; Janches, Diego; Carrillo‐Sánchez, J. D.; Lieberman, R. S.; Jacobi, Ch.; Moffat‐Griffin, Tracy; Mitchell, N. J.; Cobbett, Neil; Batista, P. P.; Andrioli, V. F.; Buriti, R. A.; Murphy, D. J.; Kero, Johan; Gulbrandsen, Njål; Tsutsumi, Masaki; Kozlovsky, Alexander; Kim, Jeong‐Han; Lee, Chang-Sup; Lester, M.

doi:10.1029/2022gl101953

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Like the WACCM results, we also found no significant change in RMS width. We note with interest that a very recent report based on long-term meteor radar observations at 12 stations also showed decreasing meteor ablation altitude and positive correlation with solar activity (Dawkins et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

She,

Krueger,

Yan

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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The climatology of earth's Na density over Fort Collins, CO (41°N, 105°W) based on nocturnal Na lidar observations between 1990 and 1999 was reported by She et al. (2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl003825). Based on a continued 28‐year data set between 1990 and 2017 with the latter part observed over Logan, UT (42N, 112W), we update the seasonal variations between 80 and 110 km. This data set is also used to deduce long‐term responses of Na density (profile) between 75 and 110 km, showing a positive linear trend between 75 and 93 km (with maximum ∼2.87 × 108 m−3/decade at 87 km); it turns negative before approaching zero at 110 km (with minimum ∼−2.96 × 107 m−3/decade at 100 km). The associated solar response is also positive for the altitude range in question (with maximum ∼5.20 × 106 m−3/SFU at 91 km). We also derived the 28‐year mean Na layer column abundance, centroid altitude, and root mean square width to be 3.92 ± 2.14 1013 m−2, 91.3 ± 1.0 km, and 4.62 ± 0.56 km, respectively, and deduced long‐term trend and solar cycle responses of column abundance and centroid altitude, respectively to be 7.81 ± 1.63%/decade and 16.9 ± 2.8%/100SFU, and −355 ± 35 m/decade and −1.94 ± 0.69 m/SFU. We explained conceptually how positive long‐term responses in Na density led to positive responses in column abundance and negative responses in centroid altitude.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

She,

Krueger,

Yan

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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“…The average altitude of the meteor echoes in each month (Figure S1 in Supporting Information S1) is consistent between ∼88 and ∼91 km throughout the observational period. Further it is in phase with the 11-year SC as revealed in a recent study of the long-term variability in the heights of meteor echoes (Dawkins et al, 2023), that investigated data from 12 meteor radars (including the Esrange radar used in this study) and showed both linear and 11-year variations in peak meteor height. The peak heights decreased at all sites and a positive correlation with solar activity was observed at most sites; however, at high latitudes an anticorrelation was observed.…”

Section: Meteor Radar Observations Over Esrangementioning

confidence: 59%

Long‐Term Variability and Tendencies in Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds From Meteor Radar Observations Over Esrange (67.9°N, 21.1°E)

Ramesh,

Mitchell,

Hindley

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Long‐term variabilities of monthly zonal (U) and meridional winds (V) in northern polar mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT, ∼80–100 km) are investigated using meteor radar observations during 1999–2022 over Esrange (67.9°N, 21.1°E). The summer (June‐August) mean zonal winds are characterized by westward flow up to ∼88–90 km and eastward flow above this height. The summer mean meridional winds are equatorward with strong jet at ∼85–90 km and it weakens above this height. The U and V exhibit strong interannual variability that varies with altitude and month or season. The responses of U and V anomalies (from 1999 to 2003) to solar cycle (SC), Quasi Biennial Oscillation at 10 and 30 hPa, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are analyzed using multiple linear regression. From analysis, significant regions of correlations between MLT winds and above potential drivers vary with altitude and month. The positive responses of U and V to SC (up to 15 m/s/100 sfu) indicates the strengthening of eastward winds in mid‐late winter, and poleward winds in late autumn and early winter. The O3 likely intensifies the eastward and poleward winds (∼100 m/s/ppmv) in winter and early spring. The CO2 significantly influence the eastward flow in late winter and summer (above ∼90–95 km) and strengthen the meridional circulation. The significant positive trend in U peaks in summer, late autumn and early winter (∼0.6 m/s/year), the negative trend in V is more prominent in summer above ∼90–95 km.

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“…For example, ref. [147] looked at ~20-year data sets from 12 widely distributed meteor radars and found decreasing altitudes at all locations, and a positive correlation in peak height with solar activity.…”

Section: Measuring Density and Temperature: Anomalous Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteor Radar for Investigation of the MLT Region: A Review

Reid

2024

Atmosphere

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This is an introductory review of modern meteor radar and its application to the measurement of the dynamical parameters of the Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere (MLT) Region within the altitude range of around 70 to 110 km, which is where most meteors are detected. We take a historical approach, following the development of meteor radar for studies of the MLT from the time of their development after the Second World War until the present. The application of the meteor radar technique is closely aligned with their ability to make contributions to Meteor Astronomy in that they can determine meteor radiants, and measure meteoroid velocities and orbits, and so these aspects are noted when required. Meteor radar capabilities now extend to measurements of temperature and density in the MLT region and show potential to be extended to ionospheric studies. New meteor radar networks are commencing operation, and this heralds a new area of investigation as the horizontal spatial variation of the upper-atmosphere wind over an extended area is becoming available for the first time.

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Solar Cycle and Long‐Term Trends in the Observed Peak of the Meteor Altitude Distributions by Meteor Radars

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

Long‐Term Variability and Tendencies in Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds From Meteor Radar Observations Over Esrange (67.9°N, 21.1°E)

Meteor Radar for Investigation of the MLT Region: A Review

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