Solar-forced 2600 BP and Little Ice Age highstands of the Caspian Sea

Abstract

The researches combining a social, economic and ecological content, find out a generality of appendix area and global purpose. This purpose image is hidden behind the term "sustainable development". These restrictions are presented as the multiplicative index of the development. This index is reflecting an information balance of a territory.The level of the Caspian Sea, the largest inland sea in the world, has fluctuated capriciously in history, with amplitudes up to 3 m in the last century, to 25m in the last millennium, and to over 150m since the Last Glacial. The results suggest that the last major highstands occurred around 2600 BP and in the Little Ice Age and coincide with global cooling events associated with minima in solar activity. This suggests that millennial precipitation changes in the Volga River drainage basin are also forced by solar activity.Исследования, включающие в себя социальное, экономическое и экологическое содержание, выявляют общность сопутствующих областей и глобальной цели. Эта цель скрыта за поняти-ем "устойчивое развитие". Эти ограничения представлены как мультипликативный индекс развития. Этот индекс отражает информационный баланс определенной территории. Уровень Каспийского моря, наибольшего внутреннего моря в мире, сильно колебался в течение своей истории, с амплитудами до 3 м в прошлом столетии, до 25 м в последнем тысячелетии, и до более150 м начиная с Последнего Ледникового периода. Результаты показывают, что послед-ние главные наслоения произошли приблизительно в 2600 г. до н.э. и в Малом Ледниковом периоде и совпадает с глобальным охлаждением, связанным с минимумами в солнечной ак-тивности. Это позволяет предположить, что тысячелетние изменения осадков в волжском речном бассейне также вызваны солнечной активностью.Ключевые слова: солнечная активность, наслоения, Малый Ледниковый период, Каспийское море

Caspian sea-level changes during the last millennium: historical and geological evidence from the south Caspian Sea

“…During the past ∼ 1000 yr, the CS has experienced two major sea-level changes associated with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA: 950-1250) and the Little Ice Age (LIA: 1350-1850) (Ruddiman, 2008). According to Kroonenberg et al (2007) and Leroy et al (2011), during the MCA the CSL dropped and then during the LIA the sea level rose. CSL changes continued to fluctuate during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.…”

“…Amongst the landforms, the Anzali Lagoon and the Sefidrud Delta in the west and the Gorgān Bay, the Gorgān Delta, as well as the Gomishān Lagoon and the Hassanqoli Bay in the east are the most prominent ones (Fig. 3), whose formation and evolution are largely driven by the CSL changes coupled with the hydrodynamic regime (Kroonenberg et al, 2007;Kakroodi et al, 2012;Naderi Beni et al, 2013).…”

“…Kroonenberg et al (2000Kroonenberg et al ( , 2007, Lahijani et al (2009), Kazancı et al (2004), Leroy et al (2011), Kakroodi et al (2012) and Naderi Beni et al (2013). The results of the geological investigations on the CSL are summarized in Table 1.…”

Holocene Hydroclimate Variability in Central Scandinavia Inferred from Flood Layers in Contourite Drift Deposits in Lake Storsjön

“…Shifts in atmospheric circulation associated with the solar forcing caused abrupt regional climate change [114], which has been detected in a number of European palaeoclimate records, e.g., [115][116][117][118][119][120]. Scandinavian climate is dominantly controlled by large-scale atmospheric circulation dynamics in the North Atlantic region [12,121,122].…”

Shoreline Response to Rapid 20th Century Sea-Level Change along the Iranian Caspian Coast

“…Within the Holocene, CS sea level experienced many cycles, and the latest two major highstands occurred at ca. 2600 calibrated years BP and during the Little Ice Age (Kakroodi et al, 2012;Kroonenberg et al, 2007).…”