Solid and liquid nitrogen

Scott, Thomas Allan

doi:10.1016/0370-1573(76)90032-6

Cited by 355 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The case of CO is more complicated, as mentioned above we do not have any detection. But, building on (i) the Schaller & Brown (2007) results; (ii) the fact that N 2 and CO are very similar molecules and therefore likely to coexist (Scott 1976); (iii) CO observation on Pluto; CO should be present on Eris surface. We will discuss the possible cause of the non-direct detection of N 2 and CO below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of (136199) Eris between 350 and 2350 nm: results with X-Shooter

Álvarez-Candal

Pinilla-Alonso

Licandro

et al. 2011

A&A

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Context. X-Shooter is the first second-generation instrument for the ESO-Very Large Telescope. It is a spectrograph covering the entire 300−2480 nm spectral range at once with a high resolving power. These properties enticed us to observe the well-known transNeptunian object (136199) Eris during the science verification of the instrument. The target has numerous absorption features in the optical and near-infrared domain that have been observed by different authors, showing differences in these features' positions and strengths. Aims. Besides testing the capabilities of X-Shooter to observe minor bodies, we attempt to constrain the existence of super-volatiles, e.g., CH 4 , CO and N 2 , and in particular we try to understand the physical-chemical state of the ices on Eris' surface. Methods. We observed Eris in the 300−2480 nm range and compared the newly obtained spectra with those available in the literature. We identified several absorption features, measured their positions and depth, and compare them with those of the reflectance of pure methane ice obtained from the optical constants of this ice at 30 K to study shifts in these features' positions and find a possible explanation for their origin. Results. We identify several absorption bands in the spectrum that are all consistent with the presence of CH 4 ice. We do not identify bands related to N 2 or CO. We measured the central wavelengths of the bands and compared to those measured in the spectrum of pure CH 4 at 30 K finding variable spectral shifts. Conclusions. Based on these wavelength shifts, we confirm the presence of a dilution of CH 4 in other ice on the surface of Eris and the presence of pure CH 4 that is spatially segregated. The comparison of the centers and shapes of these bands with previous works suggests that the surface is heterogeneous. The absence of the 2160 nm band of N 2 can be explained if the surface temperature is below 35.6 K, the transition temperature between the alpha and beta phases of this ice. Our results, including the reanalysis of data published elsewhere, point to a heterogeneous surface on Eris.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of (136199) Eris between 350 and 2350 nm: results with X-Shooter

Álvarez-Candal

Pinilla-Alonso

Licandro

et al. 2011

A&A

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“…À 5 : 3 9 (5 ) MHz [34]. Presentl y we can combi ne the esti mate of f rom i soto pi c substi tuti on wi th contem pora ry…”

Section: R Esu L T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotational Spectrum of the Most Abundant Isotopomers of the Van der Waals Dimer N₂···HBr

2002

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“…M~~~ of these grown by slow solidification from the liquid at the triple point, i.e., a modified Bridgman's method (4 (12) shows that CO such that it very readily shatters (usually within 2 K of the triple point).…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Brillouin scattering near the α–β phase transitions of N₂ and CO

Askarpour¹,

Klefte²,

Clouter³

1988

Can. J. Chem.

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The technique of high resolution Brillouin spectroscopy has been used to determine the adiabatic elastic constants of single crystals of P-N2 and P-CO as a function of temperature, in an effort to study the a-P phase transition. For all elastic constants, there is an increase of approximately 1 %/K on cooling and there is no evidence of further mode softening, even within 0.5 K of the phase transition. Three large single crystals of a-CO were grown. The orientations were determined, by Laue X-ray diffraction, and correlated to the orientations of the parent P-crystals. The P-phase hexagonal basal planes appear to transform to planes of the form {I 1 0 ) in the a-phase cubic structure.V. ASKARPOUR, H. KIEFTE et M. J. CLOUTER. Can. J. Chem. 66, 541 (1988). Dans le but d'etudier la transition de phase a-P, on a utilise la technique de la spectroscopie de Brillouin 2 haute rCsolution pour determiner les constantes Clastiques adiabatiques de cristaux uniques de P-N, et P-CO en fonction de la temperature. Pour toutes les constantes Clastiques, on observe une augmentation d'environ 1%/K lorsqu'on refroidit; de plus, on ne dCtecte pas d'autre assouplissement de mode, m&me a 0,5 K de la transition de phase. On a fait croYtre trois gros cristaux uniques d'a-CO. On en a determine les orientations par diffraction des rayons-X selon Laue et on a Ctabli un corrClation avec les orientations des cristaux p apparent&. I1 semble que les plans hexagonaux de base de la phase P se transforment en plans de la forme {I I 0 ) lorsqu'on passe B la structure cubique de la phase a .[Traduit par la revue] Introduction Brillouin spectroscopy is a very effective technique for probing the dynamical behaviour of phonons in crystals and lattice instability associated with phase transitions. In particular, it allows for accurate determination of elastic constants in single crystals. The present work constitutes an attempt to use Brillouin spectroscopy (and Laue X-ray diffraction) to study very simple phase transitions in diatomic molecular solids, namely, the ol-P transitions in solids N2 and CO. This represents a continuation of previous Brillouin scattering experiments on single crystals of P-N2 (1) and P-CO (2) very close to their triple points.

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Solid and liquid nitrogen

Cited by 355 publications

References 143 publications

The spectrum of (136199) Eris between 350 and 2350 nm: results with X-Shooter

The spectrum of (136199) Eris between 350 and 2350 nm: results with X-Shooter

Rotational Spectrum of the Most Abundant Isotopomers of the Van der Waals Dimer N₂···HBr

Brillouin scattering near the α–β phase transitions of N₂ and CO

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Solid and liquid nitrogen

Cited by 355 publications

References 143 publications

The spectrum of (136199) Eris between 350 and 2350 nm: results with X-Shooter

The spectrum of (136199) Eris between 350 and 2350 nm: results with X-Shooter

Rotational Spectrum of the Most Abundant Isotopomers of the Van der Waals Dimer N2···HBr

Brillouin scattering near the α–β phase transitions of N2 and CO

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Product

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Rotational Spectrum of the Most Abundant Isotopomers of the Van der Waals Dimer N₂···HBr

Brillouin scattering near the α–β phase transitions of N₂ and CO