Solid electrolytes for solid-state Li/Na–metal batteries: inorganic, composite and polymeric materials

Abstract

The thrust towards a higher energy density and safer alternative to traditional-liquid-electrolyte-based batteries has pushed academic and industrial efforts into the solid-state batteries, and particularly the solid-state Li/Na-metal batteries (SSLMBs/SSNMBs)....

Wide-temperature-range sodium-metal batteries: from fundamentals and obstacles to optimization

“…244,245 Therefore, a highly promising ISE should simultaneously have excellent ionic conductivity, good interfacial compatibility and stable cycling performance. 239,240,246 Considerable effort has been made to break through the bottleneck problem of ISEs. 247,248 Some new ISEs, such as Na 1+x Zr 2 Si x P 3Àx O 12 (0 r x r 3), Na 3 PS 4 and b-alumina electrolyte, have been proposed to achieve high-performance SSMBs.…”

“…244,245 Therefore, a highly promising ISE should simultaneously have excellent ionic conductivity, good interfacial compatibility and stable cycling performance. 239,240,246…”

Developing Single‐Ion Conductive Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Energy‐Density Solid State Batteries

“…[25] However, lithium metal anodes suffer from severe interfacial chemical reactions and lithium dendrite growth in the repeated stripping/deposition process, which cause electrolyte decomposition, continuous loss of active lithium, and safety problems. [26] In 1990, Chazalviel et al developed a dendrite growth model in lithium metal symmetric cells, revealing the effect of ion diffusion and electromigration on metal ion deposition. [22] The distributions of the electrostatic potential V and ion concentrations (C c and C a refer to the cation and anion concentrations, respectively) of the binary-ion conductor electrolyte are calculated under the assumption of uniform electrodeposition.…”

“…[ 25 ] However, lithium metal anodes suffer from severe interfacial chemical reactions and lithium dendrite growth in the repeated stripping/deposition process, which cause electrolyte decomposition, continuous loss of active lithium, and safety problems. [ 26 ]…”

High-rate cycling in 3D dual-doped NASICON architectures toward room-temperature sodium-metal-anode solid-state batteries

“…Sodium-SE interfaces are ridden with high interfacial contact resistance, void formations during cycling, dendrite propagation [consequently, low critical current densities (CCD)], and interfacial electrochemical instabilities. 10,11 Annealing, 12 alloying (that includes Sn-Na, 13 Na-SiO 2 composite anode 14 ), surface coatings (SnO 2 -, graphene-, fluorinated amorphous carbon-depositions), [15][16][17] and bi-phasic composites (Na 2 B 4 O 7 -NASICON composites) 18 have been efforts to improve interfacial resistance and CCD. However, CCDs thus obtained are still only in the range of 0.6-2.5 mA cm À2 .…”