Solid freeform fabrication of piezoelectric sensors and actuators

Safari, A.; Allahverdi, M.; Akdoğan, E. K.

doi:10.1007/s10853-005-6062-x

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…[6][7][8] The commonly used techniques to fabricate 1-3 composites like dice and fill, injection molding, lost mold, tape casting, relic processing, laser or ultrasonic cutting are expensive and labor intensive, especially at low volume fractions and where a high degree of alignment is required for better voltage sensitivity. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It is demonstrated that dielectrophoresis can be used for structuring of PZT particles as columns in a polymer matrix, resulting in composites with quasi 1-3 connectivity. [16][17][18][19] This will keep the manufacturing process as simple as 0-3 composites, and consequently, production costs can be kept low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric and mechanical properties of structured PZT–epoxy composites

et al. 2013

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Structured lead zirconium titanate (PZT)-epoxy composites are prepared by dielectrophoresis. The piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the composites as a function of PZT volume fraction are investigated and compared with the corresponding unstructured composites. The effect of poling voltage on piezoelectric properties of the composites is studied for various volume fractions of PZT composites. The experimentally observed piezoelectric and dielectric properties have been compared with theoretical models. Dielectrophoretically structured composites exhibit higher piezoelectric voltage coefficients compared to 0-3 composites. Structured composites with 0.1 volume fraction of PZT have the highest piezoelectric voltage coefficient. The flexural strength and bending modulus of the structured and random composites were analyzed using three-point bending tests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric and mechanical properties of structured PZT–epoxy composites

et al. 2013

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“…60,62 Injection molding, lost mold, tape lamination, relic processing, laser ultrasonic cutting, jet machining, 3D printing and reticulation are some of the other techniques used for fabrication of piezoelectric composite with various structures. [64][65][66] Figure 1 illustrates a modified dice-and-fill method to prepare 1-3 piezoelectric/epoxy composites. Table 4 provides properties of several lead-free composites used in fabrication of ultrasonic transducers.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead-free piezoelectric materials and ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging

2015

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Piezoelectric materials have been vastly used in ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging. In this paper, firstly, the most promising lead-free compositions with perovskite structure for medical imaging applications have been reviewed. The electromechanical properties of various lead-free ceramics, composites, and single crystals based on barium titanate, bismuth sodium titanate, potassium sodium niobate, and lithium niobate are presented. Then, fundamental principles and design considerations of ultrasonic transducers are briefly described. Finally, recent developments in lead-free ultrasonic probes are discussed and their acoustic performance is compared to lead-based transducers. Focused transducers with different beam focusing methods such as lens focusing and mechanical shaping are explained. Additionally, acoustic characteristics of lead-free probes including the pulse-echo results as well as their imaging capabilities for various applications such as phantom imaging, in vitro intravascular ultrasound imaging of swine aorta, and in vivo or ex vivo imaging of human eyes and skin are reviewed.

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“…Ceramics have many outstanding physical and chemical properties and attract lots of researchers' attentions to find new industrial applications for this kind of material such as components resistant to the high temperature, piezoelectric sensor and actuators (Safari et al, 2006;. But ceramics often cause high machining costs for products in limited quantities and high tooling costs in injection molding of large batches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%