Solid lipid templating of macroporous tissue engineering scaffolds

Hacker, Michael C.; Ringhofer, Michael; Appel, Bernhard; Neubauer, Markus; Vogel, Thomas; Young, Simon; Mikos, Antonios G.; Blunk, Torsten; Göpferich, Achim; Schulz, Michaela B.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.04.018

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A study performed by Shi et al 40 showed a scaffold with accessible porosity range at maximum 75% for a minimum pore connection size of 200 m. Hacker et al 41 reported up to 50% reduction of the interconnection with the same minimum pore connection size. Our scaffolds had an accessible of porosity maximum 98% for this minimum pore connection size.…”

Section: Scaffold Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Loadable TiO2 scaffolds—A correlation study between processing parameters, micro CT analysis and mechanical strength

Fostad

Hafell

Førde

et al. 2009

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Section: Scaffold Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Loadable TiO2 scaffolds—A correlation study between processing parameters, micro CT analysis and mechanical strength

Fostad

Hafell

Førde

et al. 2009

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…A 3D shrinkwrap process was performed to shrink the outside boundary of the volume of interest (VOI) in a scaffold through any openings whose size was equal to or larger than 53 mm. Any void space connected via interconnects below this size was considered to be inaccessible, 34 based upon reported minimum pore interconnection sizes for bone tissue ingrowth. 35,36 Interconnectivity was calculated as follows 37 :…”

Section: Microcomputed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Stimulus Responsive Scaffolds/Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering: Influence of Lysozyme upon Scaffold Degradation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Cultured Marrow Stromal Cells Induced by CaP Coatings

Martins

Pham

Malafaya

et al. 2009

Tissue Engineering Part A

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This work proposes the use of nonporous, smart, and stimulus responsive chitosan-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. The overall vision is to use biodegradable scaffolds based on chitosan and starch that present properties that will be regulated by bone regeneration, with the capability of gradual in situ pore formation. Biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings were used as a strategy to incorporate lysozyme at the surface of chitosan-based materials with the main objective of controlling and tailoring their degradation profile as a function of immersion time. To confirm the concept, degradation tests with a lysozyme concentration similar to that incorporated into CaP chitosan-based scaffolds were used to study the degradation of the scaffolds and the formation of pores as a function of immersion time. Degradation studies with lysozyme (1.5 g/L) showed the formation of pores, indicating an increase of porosity ( approximately 5-55% up to 21 days) resulting in porous three-dimensional structures with interconnected pores. Additional studies investigated the influence of a CaP biomimetic coating on osteogenic differentiation of rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and showed enhanced differentiation of rat MSCs seeded on the CaP-coated chitosan-based scaffolds with lysozyme incorporated. At all culture times, CaP-coated chitosan-based scaffolds with incorporated lysozyme demonstrated greater osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, bone matrix production, and mineralization as demonstrated by calcium deposition measurements, compared with controls (uncoated scaffolds). The ability of these CaP-coated chitosan-based scaffolds with incorporated lysozyme to create an interconnected pore network in situ coupled with the demonstrated positive effect of these scaffolds upon osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and mineralized matrix production illustrates the strong potential of these scaffolds for application in bone tissue engineering strategies.

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“…4–8 Orthopaedic applications also require scaffolds with adequate mechanical properties to withstand physiological loading and restore tissue function without causing deleterious stress-shielding effects. 2, 6–7, 9–10 Finally, the ability to match the irregular geometries of these types of bone defects is necessary to promote osseointegration and full healing. Injectable grafts that cure in situ are preferable in this aspect to more costly and time-consuming computer-aided design molds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable PolyHIPEs as High-Porosity Bone Grafts

et al. 2011

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Polymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a relatively new method for the production of high porosity scaffolds. The tunable architecture of these polyHIPE foams make them attractive candidates for tissue engineered bone grafts. Previously studied polyHIPE systems require either toxic diluents or high cure temperatures which prohibit their use as an injectable bone graft. In contrast, we have developed an injectable polyHIPE that cures at physiological temperatures to a rigid, high-porosity foam. First, a biodegradable macromer, propylene fumarate dimethacrylate (PFDMA), was synthesized that has appropriate viscosity and hydrophobicity for emulsification. The process of surfactant selection is detailed with particular focus on the key structural features of both polymer (log P values, hydrogen bond acceptor sites) and surfactant (HLB values, hydrogen bond donor sites) that enable stable HIPE formation. Incubation of HIPEs at 37°C was used to initiate radical crosslinking of the unsaturated double bond of the methacrylate groups to polymerize the continuous phase and lock in the emulsion geometry. The resulting polyHIPEs exhibited ~75% porosity, pore sizes ranging from 4 to 29 μm, and an average compressive modulus and strength of 33 and 5 MPa, respectively. These findings highlight the great potential of these scaffolds as injectable, tissue engineered bone grafts.

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Solid lipid templating of macroporous tissue engineering scaffolds

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Loadable TiO2 scaffolds—A correlation study between processing parameters, micro CT analysis and mechanical strength

Loadable TiO2 scaffolds—A correlation study between processing parameters, micro CT analysis and mechanical strength

Natural Stimulus Responsive Scaffolds/Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering: Influence of Lysozyme upon Scaffold Degradation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Cultured Marrow Stromal Cells Induced by CaP Coatings

Injectable PolyHIPEs as High-Porosity Bone Grafts

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