Solid oxide fuel cell anode degradation by the effect of siloxanes

Madi, Hossein; Lanzini, Andrea; Diethelm, Stefan; Papurello, Davide; herle, Jan Van; Lualdi, Matteo; Larsen, Jørgen Gutzon; Santarelli, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.053

Cited by 96 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…When siloxanes-containing biogases are used as an energy vector, silica microparticulates formed at high temperatures can create fouling and abrasion effects that are highly detrimental to the engine components of natural gas-fueled vehicles (Nair et al, 2012(Nair et al, , 2013Jalali et al, 2013;de Arespacochaga et al, 2015), to the anodic side of biogas-fueled solid oxide fuel cells (Haga et al, 2008;Madi et al, 2015) and to the catalysts used for Arespacochaga et al (2015).…”

Section: Siloxanes Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Yentekakis

Goula

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

106

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Biogas is widely available as a product of anaerobic digestion of urban, industrial, animal and agricultural wastes. Its indigenous local-base production offers the promise of a dispersed renewable energy source that can significantly contribute to regional economic growth. Biogas composition typically consists of 35-75% methane, 25-65% carbon dioxide, 1-5% hydrogen along with minor quantities of water vapor, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and halides. Current utilization for heating and lighting is inefficient and polluting, and, in the case of poor quality biogas (CH 4 /CO 2 < 1), exacerbated by detrimental venting to the atmosphere. Accordingly, innovative and efficient strategies for improving the management and utilization of biogas for the production of sustainable electrical power or high added-value chemicals are highly desirable. Utilization is the focus of the present review in which the scientific and technological basis underlying alternative routes to the efficient and eco-friendly exploitation of biogas are described and discussed. After concisely reviewing state-of-the-art purification and upgrading methods, in-depth consideration is given to the exploitation of biogas in the renewable energy, liquid fuels, transport and chemicals sectors along with an account of potential impediments to further progress.Keywords: biogas, upgrading, purification, utilization, SOFC, ethylene, reforming, siloxanes BIOGAS Efficient management of ever-increasing amounts of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes in order to minimize their environmental impact is an urgent necessity. Biological treatment of wastes, which can be carried out either aerobically or anaerobically, is widely applied in this area. Due to their several advantages the anaerobic processes are to be preferred because they require considerably smaller installations, produce less sludge, operate at lower temperatures and are suited to periodic operation. Much more importantly, they generate biogas, which is an attractive potential source of renewable energy and/or added-value chemicals due to its high content of methane and CO 2 . Anaerobic digestion (AD) can proceed over a wide temperature range, from phychrophilic (ca. 10-20 • C) and mesophilic (ca. 20-45 • C) up to thermophilic (ca. 45-65 • C) and hyperthermophilic (ca. ∼70 • C) levels, by means of cooperation between anaerobes and facultative anaerobe microorganisms, which successively promote a sequence of hydrolysis-acidogenesis,

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Section: Siloxanes Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Yentekakis

Goula

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

106

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“…before being fed to the fuel cell, thus requiring a more sophisticate cleaning stage respect to traditional CHPs (Madi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells As a Best Practice For Biogas Exploitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants through Co-digestion and Fuel Cell Systems

Gandiglio

Lanzini

Soto

et al. 2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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111

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The present work provides an overview of technological measures to increase the self-sufficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in particular for the largely diffused activated sludge-based WWTP. The operation of WWTPs entails a huge amount of electricity. Thermal energy is also required for pre-heating the sludge and sometimes exsiccation of the digested sludge. On the other hand, the entering organic matter contained in the wastewater is a source of energy. Organic matter is recovered as sludge, which is digested in large stirred tanks (anaerobic digester) to produce biogas. The onsite availability of biogas represents a great opportunity to cover a significant share of WWTP electricity and thermal demands. Especially, biogas can be efficiently converted into electrical energy (and heat) via high temperature fuel cell generators. The final part of this work will report a case study based on the use of sewage biogas into a solid oxide fuel cell. However, the efficient biogas conversion in combined heat and power (CHP) devices is not sufficient. Self-sufficiency requires a combination of efficient biogas conversion, the maximization the yield of biogas from the organic substrate, and the minimization of the thermal duty connected to the preheating of the sludge feeding the anaerobic digester (generally achieved with pre-thickeners). Finally, the co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into digesters treating sludge from WWTPs represent an additional opportunity for increasing the biogas production of existing WWTPs, thus helping the transition toward self-sufficient plants.

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“…Through anaerobic digestion, these kinds of plants produce biogas, which can be used as fuel for feeding fuel cells. However, one of the main drawbacks for high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generators is their low tolerability towards contaminants present in biogas, since they have detrimental effects, mainly related to catalyst deactivation, carbon deposition and pore clogging [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A clean-up section is therefore mandatory before entering the fuel cell generator in order to remove the most dangerous contaminants [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Cleaning: Activated Carbon Regeneration for H2S Removal

Coppola

Papurello

2018

Clean Technol.

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Abstract:The coupling of fuel cell technology with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is within the sustainable development imperative for the integration of energy production purposes and recovery of materials, even if research is still under development in this field. The anaerobic digestion process can be used for fuel cell feeding, only if trace contaminants are removed continuously. The most harmful and frequent contaminant is H 2 S. This article shows the results of H 2 S adsorption on activated carbon fixed-beds (dry process), since it is one of the best solutions from both the complexity and costs perspectives. Inside the wide range of commercial activated carbons, a specific commercial carbon has been used in test campaigns, since it is also used in the Società Metropolitana Acque Torino (SMAT) real plant. Thermal regeneration of spent carbons was exploited, using different conditions of temperature, treatment time and atmosphere, since it is a better cost-effective and environmentally sound option than immediate carbon disposal after adsorption. Regeneration with CO 2 showed the best regeneration ratio values. In particular, the best conditions achieved were 300 • C and 75 min of thermal treatment time, with a regeneration ratio of 30%.

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Solid oxide fuel cell anode degradation by the effect of siloxanes

Cited by 96 publications

References 15 publications

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants through Co-digestion and Fuel Cell Systems

Biogas Cleaning: Activated Carbon Regeneration for H2S Removal

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