Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Operating Principles, Current Challenges, and the Role of Syngas

Kee, Robert J.; Zhu, Huayang; Sukeshini, A. Mary; Jackson, Gregory S.

doi:10.1080/00102200801963458

Cited by 112 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A comprehensive study by Sasaki and Teraoka (2003b) led to detail boundaries of graphitic carbon deposition for equilibrium temperature ranging from 100°C to 1000°C. Essentially the same approach was reported in several other papers (Koh et al 2001, Sasaki and Teraoka 2003a, Sasaki et al 2004, Kee et al 2008, Aravind et al 2009, Chen et al 2011, Lee et al 2013, Liu et al 2013) using various software codes. Determination of the carbon deposition boundary was based on assumption of a very small but non-zero amount of solid carbon in equilibrium (Koh et al 2002) or a fraction of 10 −6 of the total carbon amount (Sasaki and Teraoka 2003a).…”

Section: Published Models Of Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Critical compositions of C-H-O mixtures for carbon deposition to occur were usually studied with the help of commercial software based on principles expressed in Equations (1) to (7). Several papers (Bartholomew 1982, Koh et al 2001, Eguchi et al 2002, Koh et al 2002, Sasaki and Teraoka 2003a,b, Sasaki et al 2004, Kee et al 2008, Aravind et al 2009, Chen et al 2011, Lee et al 2013, Liu et al 2013 reported C-H-O equilibrium calculations and their comprehensive presentation in ternary diagrams. Most of the published studies considered only the graphitic form of solid carbon.…”

Section: Temperature Dependence Of Carbon Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AbstractExtensive literature information on experimental thermodynamic data and theoretical analysis for depositing carbon in various crystallographic forms is examined, and a new three-phase diagram for carbon is proposed. The published methods of quantitative description of gas-solid carbon equilibrium conditions are critically evaluated for filamentous carbon. The standard chemical potential values are accepted only for purified single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Series of C-H-O ternary diagrams are constructed with plots of boundary lines for carbon deposition either as graphite or nanotubes. The lines are computed for nine temperature levels from 200°C to 1000°C and for the total pressure of 1 bar and 10 bar. The diagram for graphite and 1 bar fully conforms to that in (Sasaki K, Teraoka Y. Equilibria in fuel cell gases II. The C-H-O ternary diagrams. J Electrochem Soc 2003b, 150: A885–A888). Allowing for CNTs in carbon deposition leads to significant lowering of the critical carbon content in the reformates in temperatures from 500°C upward with maximum shifting up the deposition boundary O/C values by about 17% and 28%, respectively, at 1 and 10 bar.

show abstract

Section: Published Models Of Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Temperature Dependence Of Carbon Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fuel cells are devices that enable the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, with a theoretical conversion efficiency much higher than for heat engines [1,2]. The main component of a cell is a anode/electrolyte/cathode structure, which is exposed to fuel on the anode side and an oxidant (usually air) on the cathode side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-Oriented Modeling of a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Using an LPV Model Structure

Sanandaji

Vincent

Colclasure

et al. 2009

ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, Volume 2

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For efficient operation, as well as to avoid operating conditions that can cause damage, fuel cells require a control system to balance fuel and air supply and electrical load. The need to maintain signal constraints during operation, combined with importance of unmeasured variables such as internal stack temperature or fuel utilization, indicate the need for control-oriented models that can be used for estimation and model predictive control. In this paper, we discuss the development of a controloriented dynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell stack. Using a detailed physical model as a starting point, we demonstrate the utility of a linear parameter varying (LPV) model structure as a mechanism for model reduction. A novel feature is a nonparametric method for determining the scheduling functions in this model. INTRODUCTIONFuel cells are devices that enable the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, with a theoretical conversion efficiency much higher than for heat engines [1,2]. The main component of a cell is a anode/electrolyte/cathode structure, which is exposed to fuel on the anode side and an oxidant (usually air) on the cathode side. Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) utilize a ceramic oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte. Oxygen ions are formed at the cathode, which migrate through the electrode. At the anode, these ions react with hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce water and carbon dioxide, as well as releasing electrons that flow through an external circuit back to the cathode. A particular characteristic of SOFC fuel cells is their

show abstract

“…The approach reported here builds upon a combination of physical and chemical models and advanced process-control theory. Figure 1 is a schematic that illustrates essential aspects of a tubular SOFC system that may be used for an APU application (1). Vaporized fuel and air are converted within a catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reactor to produce a syngas mixture (i.e., a mixture of H2, H2O, CO, CO2, and N2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physically Based Model-Predictive Control for SOFC Stacks and Systems

Vincent¹,

Sanandaji²,

Colclasure³

et al. 2009

ECS Trans.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper discusses model-predictive controllers (MPC) that can incorporate physical knowledge of fuel-cell behavior into real-time multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) process-control strategies. The controller development begins with a high-fidelity, transient, physical model that represents the physical and chemical processes responsible for fuel-cell function. However, because such large nonlinear models cannot be solved in real time as part of the controller logic, linear reduced-order state-space models are required. The model reduction is accomplished via a process called system identification. The controller is designed to interpret sensors in the context of the reduced-order model and determine optimal actuation sequences that cause the system to follow a desired output trajectory. The process is demonstrated for a tubular SOFC stack that could be used for auxiliary-power unit (APU) applications.

show abstract

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Operating Principles, Current Challenges, and the Role of Syngas

Cited by 112 publications

References 70 publications

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Control-Oriented Modeling of a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Using an LPV Model Structure

Physically Based Model-Predictive Control for SOFC Stacks and Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About